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laravelDocScrappy/output/12.x/helpers.md
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# Helpers
* Introduction
* Available Methods
* Other Utilities
* Benchmarking
* Dates
* Deferred Functions
* Lottery
* Pipeline
* Sleep
* Timebox
* URI
## Introduction
Laravel includes a variety of global "helper" PHP functions. Many of these
functions are used by the framework itself; however, you are free to use them
in your own applications if you find them convenient.
## Available Methods
### Arrays & Objects
Arr::accessible Arr::add Arr::array Arr::boolean Arr::collapse Arr::crossJoin
Arr::divide Arr::dot Arr::every Arr::except Arr::exists Arr::first
Arr::flatten Arr::float Arr::forget Arr::from Arr::get Arr::has Arr::hasAll
Arr::hasAny Arr::integer Arr::isAssoc Arr::isList Arr::join Arr::keyBy
Arr::last Arr::map Arr::mapSpread Arr::mapWithKeys Arr::only Arr::partition
Arr::pluck Arr::prepend Arr::prependKeysWith Arr::pull Arr::push Arr::query
Arr::random Arr::reject Arr::select Arr::set Arr::shuffle Arr::sole Arr::some
Arr::sort Arr::sortDesc Arr::sortRecursive Arr::string Arr::take
Arr::toCssClasses Arr::toCssStyles Arr::undot Arr::where Arr::whereNotNull
Arr::wrap data_fill data_get data_set data_forget head last
### Numbers
Number::abbreviate Number::clamp Number::currency Number::defaultCurrency
Number::defaultLocale Number::fileSize Number::forHumans Number::format
Number::ordinal Number::pairs Number::parseInt Number::parseFloat
Number::percentage Number::spell Number::spellOrdinal Number::trim
Number::useLocale Number::withLocale Number::useCurrency Number::withCurrency
### Paths
app_path base_path config_path database_path lang_path public_path
resource_path storage_path
### URLs
action asset route secure_asset secure_url to_action to_route uri url
### Miscellaneous
abort abort_if abort_unless app auth back bcrypt blank broadcast broadcast_if
broadcast_unless cache class_uses_recursive collect config context cookie
csrf_field csrf_token decrypt dd dispatch dispatch_sync dump encrypt env event
fake filled info literal logger method_field now old once optional policy
redirect report report_if report_unless request rescue resolve response retry
session tap throw_if throw_unless today trait_uses_recursive transform
validator value view with when
## Arrays & Objects
#### `Arr::accessible()`
The `Arr::accessible` method determines if the given value is array
accessible:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
3 
4$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);
5 
6// true
7 
8$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new Collection);
9 
10// true
11 
12$isAccessible = Arr::accessible('abc');
13 
14// false
15 
16$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new stdClass);
17 
18// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);
// true
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new Collection);
// true
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible('abc');
// false
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new stdClass);
// false
#### `Arr::add()`
The `Arr::add` method adds a given key / value pair to an array if the given
key doesn't already exist in the array or is set to `null`:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk'], 'price', 100);
4 
5// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
6 
7$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => null], 'price', 100);
8 
9// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk'], 'price', 100);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => null], 'price', 100);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
#### `Arr::array()`
The `Arr::array` method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using
"dot" notation (just as Arr::get() does), but throws an
`InvalidArgumentException` if the requested value is not an `array`:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
4 
5$value = Arr::array($array, 'languages');
6 
7// ['PHP', 'Ruby']
8 
9$value = Arr::array($array, 'name');
10 
11// throws InvalidArgumentException
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
$value = Arr::array($array, 'languages');
// ['PHP', 'Ruby']
$value = Arr::array($array, 'name');
// throws InvalidArgumentException
#### `Arr::boolean()`
The `Arr::boolean` method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using
"dot" notation (just as Arr::get() does), but throws an
`InvalidArgumentException` if the requested value is not a `boolean`:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'available' => true];
4 
5$value = Arr::boolean($array, 'available');
6 
7// true
8 
9$value = Arr::boolean($array, 'name');
10 
11// throws InvalidArgumentException
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'available' => true];
$value = Arr::boolean($array, 'available');
// true
$value = Arr::boolean($array, 'name');
// throws InvalidArgumentException
#### `Arr::collapse()`
The `Arr::collapse` method collapses an array of arrays or collections into a
single array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = Arr::collapse([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);
4 
5// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::collapse([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
#### `Arr::crossJoin()`
The `Arr::crossJoin` method cross joins the given arrays, returning a
Cartesian product with all possible permutations:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b']);
4 
5/*
6 [
7 [1, 'a'],
8 [1, 'b'],
9 [2, 'a'],
10 [2, 'b'],
11 ]
12*/
13 
14$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);
15 
16/*
17 [
18 [1, 'a', 'I'],
19 [1, 'a', 'II'],
20 [1, 'b', 'I'],
21 [1, 'b', 'II'],
22 [2, 'a', 'I'],
23 [2, 'a', 'II'],
24 [2, 'b', 'I'],
25 [2, 'b', 'II'],
26 ]
27*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b']);
/*
[
[1, 'a'],
[1, 'b'],
[2, 'a'],
[2, 'b'],
]
*/
$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);
/*
[
[1, 'a', 'I'],
[1, 'a', 'II'],
[1, 'b', 'I'],
[1, 'b', 'II'],
[2, 'a', 'I'],
[2, 'a', 'II'],
[2, 'b', 'I'],
[2, 'b', 'II'],
]
*/
#### `Arr::divide()`
The `Arr::divide` method returns two arrays: one containing the keys and the
other containing the values of the given array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3[$keys, $values] = Arr::divide(['name' => 'Desk']);
4 
5// $keys: ['name']
6 
7// $values: ['Desk']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
[$keys, $values] = Arr::divide(['name' => 'Desk']);
// $keys: ['name']
// $values: ['Desk']
#### `Arr::dot()`
The `Arr::dot` method flattens a multi-dimensional array into a single level
array that uses "dot" notation to indicate depth:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
4 
5$flattened = Arr::dot($array);
6 
7// ['products.desk.price' => 100]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$flattened = Arr::dot($array);
// ['products.desk.price' => 100]
#### `Arr::every()`
The `Arr::every` method ensures that all values in the array pass a given
truth test:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [1, 2, 3];
4 
5Arr::every($array, fn ($i) => $i > 0);
6 
7// true
8 
9Arr::every($array, fn ($i) => $i > 2);
10 
11// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [1, 2, 3];
Arr::every($array, fn ($i) => $i > 0);
// true
Arr::every($array, fn ($i) => $i > 2);
// false
#### `Arr::except()`
The `Arr::except` method removes the given key / value pairs from an array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
4 
5$filtered = Arr::except($array, ['price']);
6 
7// ['name' => 'Desk']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
$filtered = Arr::except($array, ['price']);
// ['name' => 'Desk']
#### `Arr::exists()`
The `Arr::exists` method checks that the given key exists in the provided
array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 17];
4 
5$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'name');
6 
7// true
8 
9$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'salary');
10 
11// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 17];
$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'name');
// true
$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'salary');
// false
#### `Arr::first()`
The `Arr::first` method returns the first element of an array passing a given
truth test:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [100, 200, 300];
4 
5$first = Arr::first($array, function (int $value, int $key) {
6 return $value >= 150;
7});
8 
9// 200
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$first = Arr::first($array, function (int $value, int $key) {
return $value >= 150;
});
// 200
A default value may also be passed as the third parameter to the method. This
value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$first = Arr::first($array, $callback, $default);
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$first = Arr::first($array, $callback, $default);
#### `Arr::flatten()`
The `Arr::flatten` method flattens a multi-dimensional array into a single
level array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
4 
5$flattened = Arr::flatten($array);
6 
7// ['Joe', 'PHP', 'Ruby']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
$flattened = Arr::flatten($array);
// ['Joe', 'PHP', 'Ruby']
#### `Arr::float()`
The `Arr::float` method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using
"dot" notation (just as Arr::get() does), but throws an
`InvalidArgumentException` if the requested value is not a `float`:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'balance' => 123.45];
4 
5$value = Arr::float($array, 'balance');
6 
7// 123.45
8 
9$value = Arr::float($array, 'name');
10 
11// throws InvalidArgumentException
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'balance' => 123.45];
$value = Arr::float($array, 'balance');
// 123.45
$value = Arr::float($array, 'name');
// throws InvalidArgumentException
#### `Arr::forget()`
The `Arr::forget` method removes a given key / value pairs from a deeply
nested array using "dot" notation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
4 
5Arr::forget($array, 'products.desk');
6 
7// ['products' => []]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
Arr::forget($array, 'products.desk');
// ['products' => []]
#### `Arr::from()`
The `Arr::from` method converts various input types into a plain PHP array. It
supports a range of input types, including arrays, objects, and several common
Laravel interfaces, such as `Arrayable`, `Enumerable`, `Jsonable`, and
`JsonSerializable`. Additionally, it handles `Traversable` and `WeakMap`
instances:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3Arr::from((object) ['foo' => 'bar']); // ['foo' => 'bar']
4 
5class TestJsonableObject implements Jsonable
6{
7 public function toJson($options = 0)
8 {
9 return json_encode(['foo' => 'bar']);
10 }
11}
12 
13Arr::from(new TestJsonableObject); // ['foo' => 'bar']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
Arr::from((object) ['foo' => 'bar']); // ['foo' => 'bar']
class TestJsonableObject implements Jsonable
{
public function toJson($options = 0)
{
return json_encode(['foo' => 'bar']);
}
}
Arr::from(new TestJsonableObject); // ['foo' => 'bar']
#### `Arr::get()`
The `Arr::get` method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using "dot"
notation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
4 
5$price = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.price');
6 
7// 100
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$price = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.price');
// 100
The `Arr::get` method also accepts a default value, which will be returned if
the specified key is not present in the array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$discount = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
4 
5// 0
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$discount = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
// 0
#### `Arr::has()`
The `Arr::has` method checks whether a given item or items exists in an array
using "dot" notation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
4 
5$contains = Arr::has($array, 'product.name');
6 
7// true
8 
9$contains = Arr::has($array, ['product.price', 'product.discount']);
10 
11// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
$contains = Arr::has($array, 'product.name');
// true
$contains = Arr::has($array, ['product.price', 'product.discount']);
// false
#### `Arr::hasAll()`
The `Arr::hasAll` method determines if all of the specified keys exist in the
given array using "dot" notation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Taylor', 'language' => 'PHP'];
4 
5Arr::hasAll($array, ['name']); // true
6Arr::hasAll($array, ['name', 'language']); // true
7Arr::hasAll($array, ['name', 'IDE']); // false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Taylor', 'language' => 'PHP'];
Arr::hasAll($array, ['name']); // true
Arr::hasAll($array, ['name', 'language']); // true
Arr::hasAll($array, ['name', 'IDE']); // false
#### `Arr::hasAny()`
The `Arr::hasAny` method checks whether any item in a given set exists in an
array using "dot" notation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
4 
5$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, 'product.name');
6 
7// true
8 
9$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['product.name', 'product.discount']);
10 
11// true
12 
13$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['category', 'product.discount']);
14 
15// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, 'product.name');
// true
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['product.name', 'product.discount']);
// true
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['category', 'product.discount']);
// false
#### `Arr::integer()`
The `Arr::integer` method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using
"dot" notation (just as Arr::get() does), but throws an
`InvalidArgumentException` if the requested value is not an `int`:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'age' => 42];
4 
5$value = Arr::integer($array, 'age');
6 
7// 42
8 
9$value = Arr::integer($array, 'name');
10 
11// throws InvalidArgumentException
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'age' => 42];
$value = Arr::integer($array, 'age');
// 42
$value = Arr::integer($array, 'name');
// throws InvalidArgumentException
#### `Arr::isAssoc()`
The `Arr::isAssoc` method returns `true` if the given array is an associative
array. An array is considered "associative" if it doesn't have sequential
numerical keys beginning with zero:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
4 
5// true
6 
7$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);
8 
9// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
// true
$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);
// false
#### `Arr::isList()`
The `Arr::isList` method returns `true` if the given array's keys are
sequential integers beginning from zero:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$isList = Arr::isList(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']);
4 
5// true
6 
7$isList = Arr::isList(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
8 
9// false
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isList = Arr::isList(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']);
// true
$isList = Arr::isList(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
// false
#### `Arr::join()`
The `Arr::join` method joins array elements with a string. Using this method's
third argument, you may also specify the joining string for the final element
of the array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['Tailwind', 'Alpine', 'Laravel', 'Livewire'];
4 
5$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ');
6 
7// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel, Livewire
8 
9$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ', ', and ');
10 
11// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel, and Livewire
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Tailwind', 'Alpine', 'Laravel', 'Livewire'];
$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ');
// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel, Livewire
$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ', ', and ');
// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel, and Livewire
#### `Arr::keyBy()`
The `Arr::keyBy` method keys the array by the given key. If multiple items
have the same key, only the last one will appear in the new array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
5 ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
6];
7 
8$keyed = Arr::keyBy($array, 'product_id');
9 
10/*
11 [
12 'prod-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
13 'prod-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
14 ]
15*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
];
$keyed = Arr::keyBy($array, 'product_id');
/*
[
'prod-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
'prod-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]
*/
#### `Arr::last()`
The `Arr::last` method returns the last element of an array passing a given
truth test:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [100, 200, 300, 110];
4 
5$last = Arr::last($array, function (int $value, int $key) {
6 return $value >= 150;
7});
8 
9// 300
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, 200, 300, 110];
$last = Arr::last($array, function (int $value, int $key) {
return $value >= 150;
});
// 300
A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value
will be returned if no value passes the truth test:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$last = Arr::last($array, $callback, $default);
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$last = Arr::last($array, $callback, $default);
#### `Arr::map()`
The `Arr::map` method iterates through the array and passes each value and key
to the given callback. The array value is replaced by the value returned by
the callback:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['first' => 'james', 'last' => 'kirk'];
4 
5$mapped = Arr::map($array, function (string $value, string $key) {
6 return ucfirst($value);
7});
8 
9// ['first' => 'James', 'last' => 'Kirk']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['first' => 'james', 'last' => 'kirk'];
$mapped = Arr::map($array, function (string $value, string $key) {
return ucfirst($value);
});
// ['first' => 'James', 'last' => 'Kirk']
#### `Arr::mapSpread()`
The `Arr::mapSpread` method iterates over the array, passing each nested item
value into the given closure. The closure is free to modify the item and
return it, thus forming a new array of modified items:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 [0, 1],
5 [2, 3],
6 [4, 5],
7 [6, 7],
8 [8, 9],
9];
10 
11$mapped = Arr::mapSpread($array, function (int $even, int $odd) {
12 return $even + $odd;
13});
14 
15/*
16 [1, 5, 9, 13, 17]
17*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
[0, 1],
[2, 3],
[4, 5],
[6, 7],
[8, 9],
];
$mapped = Arr::mapSpread($array, function (int $even, int $odd) {
return $even + $odd;
});
/*
[1, 5, 9, 13, 17]
*/
#### `Arr::mapWithKeys()`
The `Arr::mapWithKeys` method iterates through the array and passes each value
to the given callback. The callback should return an associative array
containing a single key / value pair:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 [
5 'name' => 'John',
6 'department' => 'Sales',
7 'email' => '[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)',
8 ],
9 [
10 'name' => 'Jane',
11 'department' => 'Marketing',
12 'email' => '[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)',
13 ]
14];
15 
16$mapped = Arr::mapWithKeys($array, function (array $item, int $key) {
17 return [$item['email'] => $item['name']];
18});
19 
20/*
21 [
22 '[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)' => 'John',
23 '[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)' => 'Jane',
24 ]
25*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
[
'name' => 'John',
'department' => 'Sales',
'email' => '[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)',
],
[
'name' => 'Jane',
'department' => 'Marketing',
'email' => '[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)',
]
];
$mapped = Arr::mapWithKeys($array, function (array $item, int $key) {
return [$item['email'] => $item['name']];
});
/*
[
'[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)' => 'John',
'[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)' => 'Jane',
]
*/
#### `Arr::only()`
The `Arr::only` method returns only the specified key / value pairs from the
given array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100, 'orders' => 10];
4 
5$slice = Arr::only($array, ['name', 'price']);
6 
7// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100, 'orders' => 10];
$slice = Arr::only($array, ['name', 'price']);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
#### `Arr::partition()`
The `Arr::partition` method may be combined with PHP array destructuring to
separate elements that pass a given truth test from those that do not:
1<?php
2 
3use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
4 
5$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
6 
7[$underThree, $equalOrAboveThree] = Arr::partition($numbers, function (int $i) {
8 return $i < 3;
9});
10 
11dump($underThree);
12 
13// [1, 2]
14 
15dump($equalOrAboveThree);
16 
17// [3, 4, 5, 6]
<?php
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
[$underThree, $equalOrAboveThree] = Arr::partition($numbers, function (int $i) {
return $i < 3;
});
dump($underThree);
// [1, 2]
dump($equalOrAboveThree);
// [3, 4, 5, 6]
#### `Arr::pluck()`
The `Arr::pluck` method retrieves all of the values for a given key from an
array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 ['developer' => ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Taylor']],
5 ['developer' => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Abigail']],
6];
7 
8$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name');
9 
10// ['Taylor', 'Abigail']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['developer' => ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Taylor']],
['developer' => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Abigail']],
];
$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name');
// ['Taylor', 'Abigail']
You may also specify how you wish the resulting list to be keyed:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name', 'developer.id');
4 
5// [1 => 'Taylor', 2 => 'Abigail']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name', 'developer.id');
// [1 => 'Taylor', 2 => 'Abigail']
#### `Arr::prepend()`
The `Arr::prepend` method will push an item onto the beginning of an array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'];
4 
5$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'zero');
6 
7// ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'];
$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'zero');
// ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
If needed, you may specify the key that should be used for the value:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['price' => 100];
4 
5$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'Desk', 'name');
6 
7// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['price' => 100];
$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'Desk', 'name');
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
#### `Arr::prependKeysWith()`
The `Arr::prependKeysWith` prepends all key names of an associative array with
the given prefix:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 'name' => 'Desk',
5 'price' => 100,
6];
7 
8$keyed = Arr::prependKeysWith($array, 'product.');
9 
10/*
11 [
12 'product.name' => 'Desk',
13 'product.price' => 100,
14 ]
15*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'name' => 'Desk',
'price' => 100,
];
$keyed = Arr::prependKeysWith($array, 'product.');
/*
[
'product.name' => 'Desk',
'product.price' => 100,
]
*/
#### `Arr::pull()`
The `Arr::pull` method returns and removes a key / value pair from an array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
4 
5$name = Arr::pull($array, 'name');
6 
7// $name: Desk
8 
9// $array: ['price' => 100]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
$name = Arr::pull($array, 'name');
// $name: Desk
// $array: ['price' => 100]
A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value
will be returned if the key doesn't exist:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$value = Arr::pull($array, $key, $default);
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$value = Arr::pull($array, $key, $default);
#### `Arr::push()`
The `Arr::push` method pushes an item into an array using "dot" notation. If
an array does not exist at the given key, it will be created:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [];
4 
5Arr::push($array, 'office.furniture', 'Desk');
6 
7// $array: ['office' => ['furniture' => ['Desk']]]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [];
Arr::push($array, 'office.furniture', 'Desk');
// $array: ['office' => ['furniture' => ['Desk']]]
#### `Arr::query()`
The `Arr::query` method converts the array into a query string:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 'name' => 'Taylor',
5 'order' => [
6 'column' => 'created_at',
7 'direction' => 'desc'
8 ]
9];
10 
11Arr::query($array);
12 
13// name=Taylor&order[column]=created_at&order[direction]=desc
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'name' => 'Taylor',
'order' => [
'column' => 'created_at',
'direction' => 'desc'
]
];
Arr::query($array);
// name=Taylor&order[column]=created_at&order[direction]=desc
#### `Arr::random()`
The `Arr::random` method returns a random value from an array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
4 
5$random = Arr::random($array);
6 
7// 4 - (retrieved randomly)
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$random = Arr::random($array);
// 4 - (retrieved randomly)
You may also specify the number of items to return as an optional second
argument. Note that providing this argument will return an array even if only
one item is desired:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$items = Arr::random($array, 2);
4 
5// [2, 5] - (retrieved randomly)
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$items = Arr::random($array, 2);
// [2, 5] - (retrieved randomly)
#### `Arr::reject()`
The `Arr::reject` method removes items from an array using the given closure:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];
4 
5$filtered = Arr::reject($array, function (string|int $value, int $key) {
6 return is_string($value);
7});
8 
9// [0 => 100, 2 => 300, 4 => 500]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];
$filtered = Arr::reject($array, function (string|int $value, int $key) {
return is_string($value);
});
// [0 => 100, 2 => 300, 4 => 500]
#### `Arr::select()`
The `Arr::select` method selects an array of values from an array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
5 ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Table', 'price' => 150],
6 ['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Chair', 'price' => 300],
7];
8 
9Arr::select($array, ['name', 'price']);
10 
11// [['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200], ['name' => 'Table', 'price' => 150], ['name' => 'Chair', 'price' => 300]]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Table', 'price' => 150],
['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Chair', 'price' => 300],
];
Arr::select($array, ['name', 'price']);
// [['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200], ['name' => 'Table', 'price' => 150], ['name' => 'Chair', 'price' => 300]]
#### `Arr::set()`
The `Arr::set` method sets a value within a deeply nested array using "dot"
notation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
4 
5Arr::set($array, 'products.desk.price', 200);
6 
7// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
Arr::set($array, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
#### `Arr::shuffle()`
The `Arr::shuffle` method randomly shuffles the items in the array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = Arr::shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
4 
5// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] - (generated randomly)
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] - (generated randomly)
#### `Arr::sole()`
The `Arr::sole` method retrieves a single value from an array using the given
closure. If more than one value within the array matches the given truth test,
an `Illuminate\Support\MultipleItemsFoundException` exception will be thrown.
If no values match the truth test, an
`Illuminate\Support\ItemNotFoundException` exception will be thrown:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
4 
5$value = Arr::sole($array, fn (string $value) => $value === 'Desk');
6 
7// 'Desk'
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
$value = Arr::sole($array, fn (string $value) => $value === 'Desk');
// 'Desk'
#### `Arr::some()`
The `Arr::some` method ensures that at least one of the values in the array
passes a given truth test:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [1, 2, 3];
4 
5Arr::some($array, fn ($i) => $i > 2);
6 
7// true
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [1, 2, 3];
Arr::some($array, fn ($i) => $i > 2);
// true
#### `Arr::sort()`
The `Arr::sort` method sorts an array by its values:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
4 
5$sorted = Arr::sort($array);
6 
7// ['Chair', 'Desk', 'Table']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
$sorted = Arr::sort($array);
// ['Chair', 'Desk', 'Table']
You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 ['name' => 'Desk'],
5 ['name' => 'Table'],
6 ['name' => 'Chair'],
7];
8 
9$sorted = array_values(Arr::sort($array, function (array $value) {
10 return $value['name'];
11}));
12 
13/*
14 [
15 ['name' => 'Chair'],
16 ['name' => 'Desk'],
17 ['name' => 'Table'],
18 ]
19*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
];
$sorted = array_values(Arr::sort($array, function (array $value) {
return $value['name'];
}));
/*
[
['name' => 'Chair'],
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
]
*/
#### `Arr::sortDesc()`
The `Arr::sortDesc` method sorts an array in descending order by its values:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
4 
5$sorted = Arr::sortDesc($array);
6 
7// ['Table', 'Desk', 'Chair']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
$sorted = Arr::sortDesc($array);
// ['Table', 'Desk', 'Chair']
You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 ['name' => 'Desk'],
5 ['name' => 'Table'],
6 ['name' => 'Chair'],
7];
8 
9$sorted = array_values(Arr::sortDesc($array, function (array $value) {
10 return $value['name'];
11}));
12 
13/*
14 [
15 ['name' => 'Table'],
16 ['name' => 'Desk'],
17 ['name' => 'Chair'],
18 ]
19*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
];
$sorted = array_values(Arr::sortDesc($array, function (array $value) {
return $value['name'];
}));
/*
[
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
]
*/
#### `Arr::sortRecursive()`
The `Arr::sortRecursive` method recursively sorts an array using the `sort`
function for numerically indexed sub-arrays and the `ksort` function for
associative sub-arrays:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 ['Roman', 'Taylor', 'Li'],
5 ['PHP', 'Ruby', 'JavaScript'],
6 ['one' => 1, 'two' => 2, 'three' => 3],
7];
8 
9$sorted = Arr::sortRecursive($array);
10 
11/*
12 [
13 ['JavaScript', 'PHP', 'Ruby'],
14 ['one' => 1, 'three' => 3, 'two' => 2],
15 ['Li', 'Roman', 'Taylor'],
16 ]
17*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['Roman', 'Taylor', 'Li'],
['PHP', 'Ruby', 'JavaScript'],
['one' => 1, 'two' => 2, 'three' => 3],
];
$sorted = Arr::sortRecursive($array);
/*
[
['JavaScript', 'PHP', 'Ruby'],
['one' => 1, 'three' => 3, 'two' => 2],
['Li', 'Roman', 'Taylor'],
]
*/
If you would like the results sorted in descending order, you may use the
`Arr::sortRecursiveDesc` method.
1$sorted = Arr::sortRecursiveDesc($array);
$sorted = Arr::sortRecursiveDesc($array);
#### `Arr::string()`
The `Arr::string` method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using
"dot" notation (just as Arr::get() does), but throws an
`InvalidArgumentException` if the requested value is not a `string`:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
4 
5$value = Arr::string($array, 'name');
6 
7// Joe
8 
9$value = Arr::string($array, 'languages');
10 
11// throws InvalidArgumentException
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
$value = Arr::string($array, 'name');
// Joe
$value = Arr::string($array, 'languages');
// throws InvalidArgumentException
#### `Arr::take()`
The `Arr::take` method returns a new array with the specified number of items:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
4 
5$chunk = Arr::take($array, 3);
6 
7// [0, 1, 2]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$chunk = Arr::take($array, 3);
// [0, 1, 2]
You may also pass a negative integer to take the specified number of items
from the end of the array:
1$array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
2 
3$chunk = Arr::take($array, -2);
4 
5// [4, 5]
$array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$chunk = Arr::take($array, -2);
// [4, 5]
#### `Arr::toCssClasses()`
The `Arr::toCssClasses` method conditionally compiles a CSS class string. The
method accepts an array of classes where the array key contains the class or
classes you wish to add, while the value is a boolean expression. If the array
element has a numeric key, it will always be included in the rendered class
list:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$isActive = false;
4$hasError = true;
5 
6$array = ['p-4', 'font-bold' => $isActive, 'bg-red' => $hasError];
7 
8$classes = Arr::toCssClasses($array);
9 
10/*
11 'p-4 bg-red'
12*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isActive = false;
$hasError = true;
$array = ['p-4', 'font-bold' => $isActive, 'bg-red' => $hasError];
$classes = Arr::toCssClasses($array);
/*
'p-4 bg-red'
*/
#### `Arr::toCssStyles()`
The `Arr::toCssStyles` conditionally compiles a CSS style string. The method
accepts an array of classes where the array key contains the class or classes
you wish to add, while the value is a boolean expression. If the array element
has a numeric key, it will always be included in the rendered class list:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$hasColor = true;
4 
5$array = ['background-color: blue', 'color: blue' => $hasColor];
6 
7$classes = Arr::toCssStyles($array);
8 
9/*
10 'background-color: blue; color: blue;'
11*/
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$hasColor = true;
$array = ['background-color: blue', 'color: blue' => $hasColor];
$classes = Arr::toCssStyles($array);
/*
'background-color: blue; color: blue;'
*/
This method powers Laravel's functionality allowing [merging classes with a
Blade component's attribute bag](/docs/12.x/blade#conditionally-merge-classes)
as well as the `@class` [Blade directive](/docs/12.x/blade#conditional-
classes).
#### `Arr::undot()`
The `Arr::undot` method expands a single-dimensional array that uses "dot"
notation into a multi-dimensional array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [
4 'user.name' => 'Kevin Malone',
5 'user.occupation' => 'Accountant',
6];
7 
8$array = Arr::undot($array);
9 
10// ['user' => ['name' => 'Kevin Malone', 'occupation' => 'Accountant']]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'user.name' => 'Kevin Malone',
'user.occupation' => 'Accountant',
];
$array = Arr::undot($array);
// ['user' => ['name' => 'Kevin Malone', 'occupation' => 'Accountant']]
#### `Arr::where()`
The `Arr::where` method filters an array using the given closure:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];
4 
5$filtered = Arr::where($array, function (string|int $value, int $key) {
6 return is_string($value);
7});
8 
9// [1 => '200', 3 => '400']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];
$filtered = Arr::where($array, function (string|int $value, int $key) {
return is_string($value);
});
// [1 => '200', 3 => '400']
#### `Arr::whereNotNull()`
The `Arr::whereNotNull` method removes all `null` values from the given array:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = [0, null];
4 
5$filtered = Arr::whereNotNull($array);
6 
7// [0 => 0]
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [0, null];
$filtered = Arr::whereNotNull($array);
// [0 => 0]
#### `Arr::wrap()`
The `Arr::wrap` method wraps the given value in an array. If the given value
is already an array it will be returned without modification:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$string = 'Laravel';
4 
5$array = Arr::wrap($string);
6 
7// ['Laravel']
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$string = 'Laravel';
$array = Arr::wrap($string);
// ['Laravel']
If the given value is `null`, an empty array will be returned:
1use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
2 
3$array = Arr::wrap(null);
4 
5// []
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::wrap(null);
// []
#### `data_fill()`
The `data_fill` function sets a missing value within a nested array or object
using "dot" notation:
1$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
2 
3data_fill($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
4 
5// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
6 
7data_fill($data, 'products.desk.discount', 10);
8 
9// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100, 'discount' => 10]]]
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_fill($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
data_fill($data, 'products.desk.discount', 10);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100, 'discount' => 10]]]
This function also accepts asterisks as wildcards and will fill the target
accordingly:
1$data = [
2 'products' => [
3 ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
4 ['name' => 'Desk 2'],
5 ],
6];
7 
8data_fill($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
9 
10/*
11 [
12 'products' => [
13 ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
14 ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
15 ],
16 ]
17*/
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2'],
],
];
data_fill($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
],
]
*/
#### `data_get()`
The `data_get` function retrieves a value from a nested array or object using
"dot" notation:
1$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
2 
3$price = data_get($data, 'products.desk.price');
4 
5// 100
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$price = data_get($data, 'products.desk.price');
// 100
The `data_get` function also accepts a default value, which will be returned
if the specified key is not found:
1$discount = data_get($data, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
2 
3// 0
$discount = data_get($data, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
// 0
The function also accepts wildcards using asterisks, which may target any key
of the array or object:
1$data = [
2 'product-one' => ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
3 'product-two' => ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
4];
5 
6data_get($data, '*.name');
7 
8// ['Desk 1', 'Desk 2'];
$data = [
'product-one' => ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
'product-two' => ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
];
data_get($data, '*.name');
// ['Desk 1', 'Desk 2'];
The `{first}` and `{last}` placeholders may be used to retrieve the first or
last items in an array:
1$flight = [
2 'segments' => [
3 ['from' => 'LHR', 'departure' => '9:00', 'to' => 'IST', 'arrival' => '15:00'],
4 ['from' => 'IST', 'departure' => '16:00', 'to' => 'PKX', 'arrival' => '20:00'],
5 ],
6];
7 
8data_get($flight, 'segments.{first}.arrival');
9 
10// 15:00
$flight = [
'segments' => [
['from' => 'LHR', 'departure' => '9:00', 'to' => 'IST', 'arrival' => '15:00'],
['from' => 'IST', 'departure' => '16:00', 'to' => 'PKX', 'arrival' => '20:00'],
],
];
data_get($flight, 'segments.{first}.arrival');
// 15:00
#### `data_set()`
The `data_set` function sets a value within a nested array or object using
"dot" notation:
1$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
2 
3data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
4 
5// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
This function also accepts wildcards using asterisks and will set values on
the target accordingly:
1$data = [
2 'products' => [
3 ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
4 ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
5 ],
6];
7 
8data_set($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
9 
10/*
11 [
12 'products' => [
13 ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 200],
14 ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
15 ],
16 ]
17*/
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
],
];
data_set($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 200],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
],
]
*/
By default, any existing values are overwritten. If you wish to only set a
value if it doesn't exist, you may pass `false` as the fourth argument to the
function:
1$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
2 
3data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200, overwrite: false);
4 
5// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200, overwrite: false);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
#### `data_forget()`
The `data_forget` function removes a value within a nested array or object
using "dot" notation:
1$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
2 
3data_forget($data, 'products.desk.price');
4 
5// ['products' => ['desk' => []]]
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_forget($data, 'products.desk.price');
// ['products' => ['desk' => []]]
This function also accepts wildcards using asterisks and will remove values on
the target accordingly:
1$data = [
2 'products' => [
3 ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
4 ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
5 ],
6];
7 
8data_forget($data, 'products.*.price');
9 
10/*
11 [
12 'products' => [
13 ['name' => 'Desk 1'],
14 ['name' => 'Desk 2'],
15 ],
16 ]
17*/
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
],
];
data_forget($data, 'products.*.price');
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1'],
['name' => 'Desk 2'],
],
]
*/
#### `head()`
The `head` function returns the first element in the given array. If the array
is empty, `false` will be returned:
1$array = [100, 200, 300];
2 
3$first = head($array);
4 
5// 100
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$first = head($array);
// 100
#### `last()`
The `last` function returns the last element in the given array. If the array
is empty, `false` will be returned:
1$array = [100, 200, 300];
2 
3$last = last($array);
4 
5// 300
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$last = last($array);
// 300
## Numbers
#### `Number::abbreviate()`
The `Number::abbreviate` method returns the human-readable format of the
provided numerical value, with an abbreviation for the units:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::abbreviate(1000);
4 
5// 1K
6 
7$number = Number::abbreviate(489939);
8 
9// 490K
10 
11$number = Number::abbreviate(1230000, precision: 2);
12 
13// 1.23M
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::abbreviate(1000);
// 1K
$number = Number::abbreviate(489939);
// 490K
$number = Number::abbreviate(1230000, precision: 2);
// 1.23M
#### `Number::clamp()`
The `Number::clamp` method ensures a given number stays within a specified
range. If the number is lower than the minimum, the minimum value is returned.
If the number is higher than the maximum, the maximum value is returned:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::clamp(105, min: 10, max: 100);
4 
5// 100
6 
7$number = Number::clamp(5, min: 10, max: 100);
8 
9// 10
10 
11$number = Number::clamp(10, min: 10, max: 100);
12 
13// 10
14 
15$number = Number::clamp(20, min: 10, max: 100);
16 
17// 20
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::clamp(105, min: 10, max: 100);
// 100
$number = Number::clamp(5, min: 10, max: 100);
// 10
$number = Number::clamp(10, min: 10, max: 100);
// 10
$number = Number::clamp(20, min: 10, max: 100);
// 20
#### `Number::currency()`
The `Number::currency` method returns the currency representation of the given
value as a string:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$currency = Number::currency(1000);
4 
5// $1,000.00
6 
7$currency = Number::currency(1000, in: 'EUR');
8 
9// €1,000.00
10 
11$currency = Number::currency(1000, in: 'EUR', locale: 'de');
12 
13// 1.000,00 €
14 
15$currency = Number::currency(1000, in: 'EUR', locale: 'de', precision: 0);
16 
17// 1.000 €
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$currency = Number::currency(1000);
// $1,000.00
$currency = Number::currency(1000, in: 'EUR');
// €1,000.00
$currency = Number::currency(1000, in: 'EUR', locale: 'de');
// 1.000,00 €
$currency = Number::currency(1000, in: 'EUR', locale: 'de', precision: 0);
// 1.000 €
#### `Number::defaultCurrency()`
The `Number::defaultCurrency` method returns the default currency being used
by the `Number` class:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$currency = Number::defaultCurrency();
4 
5// USD
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$currency = Number::defaultCurrency();
// USD
#### `Number::defaultLocale()`
The `Number::defaultLocale` method returns the default locale being used by
the `Number` class:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$locale = Number::defaultLocale();
4 
5// en
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$locale = Number::defaultLocale();
// en
#### `Number::fileSize()`
The `Number::fileSize` method returns the file size representation of the
given byte value as a string:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$size = Number::fileSize(1024);
4 
5// 1 KB
6 
7$size = Number::fileSize(1024 * 1024);
8 
9// 1 MB
10 
11$size = Number::fileSize(1024, precision: 2);
12 
13// 1.00 KB
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$size = Number::fileSize(1024);
// 1 KB
$size = Number::fileSize(1024 * 1024);
// 1 MB
$size = Number::fileSize(1024, precision: 2);
// 1.00 KB
#### `Number::forHumans()`
The `Number::forHumans` method returns the human-readable format of the
provided numerical value:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::forHumans(1000);
4 
5// 1 thousand
6 
7$number = Number::forHumans(489939);
8 
9// 490 thousand
10 
11$number = Number::forHumans(1230000, precision: 2);
12 
13// 1.23 million
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::forHumans(1000);
// 1 thousand
$number = Number::forHumans(489939);
// 490 thousand
$number = Number::forHumans(1230000, precision: 2);
// 1.23 million
#### `Number::format()`
The `Number::format` method formats the given number into a locale specific
string:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::format(100000);
4 
5// 100,000
6 
7$number = Number::format(100000, precision: 2);
8 
9// 100,000.00
10 
11$number = Number::format(100000.123, maxPrecision: 2);
12 
13// 100,000.12
14 
15$number = Number::format(100000, locale: 'de');
16 
17// 100.000
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::format(100000);
// 100,000
$number = Number::format(100000, precision: 2);
// 100,000.00
$number = Number::format(100000.123, maxPrecision: 2);
// 100,000.12
$number = Number::format(100000, locale: 'de');
// 100.000
#### `Number::ordinal()`
The `Number::ordinal` method returns a number's ordinal representation:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::ordinal(1);
4 
5// 1st
6 
7$number = Number::ordinal(2);
8 
9// 2nd
10 
11$number = Number::ordinal(21);
12 
13// 21st
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::ordinal(1);
// 1st
$number = Number::ordinal(2);
// 2nd
$number = Number::ordinal(21);
// 21st
#### `Number::pairs()`
The `Number::pairs` method generates an array of number pairs (sub-ranges)
based on a specified range and step value. This method can be useful for
dividing a larger range of numbers into smaller, manageable sub-ranges for
things like pagination or batching tasks. The `pairs` method returns an array
of arrays, where each inner array represents a pair (sub-range) of numbers:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$result = Number::pairs(25, 10);
4 
5// [[0, 9], [10, 19], [20, 25]]
6 
7$result = Number::pairs(25, 10, offset: 0);
8 
9// [[0, 10], [10, 20], [20, 25]]
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$result = Number::pairs(25, 10);
// [[0, 9], [10, 19], [20, 25]]
$result = Number::pairs(25, 10, offset: 0);
// [[0, 10], [10, 20], [20, 25]]
#### `Number::parseInt()`
The `Number::parseInt` method parse a string into an integer according to the
specified locale:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$result = Number::parseInt('10.123');
4 
5// (int) 10
6 
7$result = Number::parseInt('10,123', locale: 'fr');
8 
9// (int) 10
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$result = Number::parseInt('10.123');
// (int) 10
$result = Number::parseInt('10,123', locale: 'fr');
// (int) 10
#### `Number::parseFloat()`
The `Number::parseFloat` method parse a string into a float according to the
specified locale:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$result = Number::parseFloat('10');
4 
5// (float) 10.0
6 
7$result = Number::parseFloat('10', locale: 'fr');
8 
9// (float) 10.0
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$result = Number::parseFloat('10');
// (float) 10.0
$result = Number::parseFloat('10', locale: 'fr');
// (float) 10.0
#### `Number::percentage()`
The `Number::percentage` method returns the percentage representation of the
given value as a string:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$percentage = Number::percentage(10);
4 
5// 10%
6 
7$percentage = Number::percentage(10, precision: 2);
8 
9// 10.00%
10 
11$percentage = Number::percentage(10.123, maxPrecision: 2);
12 
13// 10.12%
14 
15$percentage = Number::percentage(10, precision: 2, locale: 'de');
16 
17// 10,00%
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$percentage = Number::percentage(10);
// 10%
$percentage = Number::percentage(10, precision: 2);
// 10.00%
$percentage = Number::percentage(10.123, maxPrecision: 2);
// 10.12%
$percentage = Number::percentage(10, precision: 2, locale: 'de');
// 10,00%
#### `Number::spell()`
The `Number::spell` method transforms the given number into a string of words:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::spell(102);
4 
5// one hundred and two
6 
7$number = Number::spell(88, locale: 'fr');
8 
9// quatre-vingt-huit
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::spell(102);
// one hundred and two
$number = Number::spell(88, locale: 'fr');
// quatre-vingt-huit
The `after` argument allows you to specify a value after which all numbers
should be spelled out:
1$number = Number::spell(10, after: 10);
2 
3// 10
4 
5$number = Number::spell(11, after: 10);
6 
7// eleven
$number = Number::spell(10, after: 10);
// 10
$number = Number::spell(11, after: 10);
// eleven
The `until` argument allows you to specify a value before which all numbers
should be spelled out:
1$number = Number::spell(5, until: 10);
2 
3// five
4 
5$number = Number::spell(10, until: 10);
6 
7// 10
$number = Number::spell(5, until: 10);
// five
$number = Number::spell(10, until: 10);
// 10
#### `Number::spellOrdinal()`
The `Number::spellOrdinal` method returns the number's ordinal representation
as a string of words:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::spellOrdinal(1);
4 
5// first
6 
7$number = Number::spellOrdinal(2);
8 
9// second
10 
11$number = Number::spellOrdinal(21);
12 
13// twenty-first
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::spellOrdinal(1);
// first
$number = Number::spellOrdinal(2);
// second
$number = Number::spellOrdinal(21);
// twenty-first
#### `Number::trim()`
The `Number::trim` method removes any trailing zero digits after the decimal
point of the given number:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::trim(12.0);
4 
5// 12
6 
7$number = Number::trim(12.30);
8 
9// 12.3
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::trim(12.0);
// 12
$number = Number::trim(12.30);
// 12.3
#### `Number::useLocale()`
The `Number::useLocale` method sets the default number locale globally, which
affects how numbers and currency are formatted by subsequent invocations to
the `Number` class's methods:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3/**
4 * Bootstrap any application services.
5 */
6public function boot(): void
7{
8 Number::useLocale('de');
9}
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*/
public function boot(): void
{
Number::useLocale('de');
}
#### `Number::withLocale()`
The `Number::withLocale` method executes the given closure using the specified
locale and then restores the original locale after the callback has executed:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::withLocale('de', function () {
4 return Number::format(1500);
5});
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::withLocale('de', function () {
return Number::format(1500);
});
#### `Number::useCurrency()`
The `Number::useCurrency` method sets the default number currency globally,
which affects how the currency is formatted by subsequent invocations to the
`Number` class's methods:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3/**
4 * Bootstrap any application services.
5 */
6public function boot(): void
7{
8 Number::useCurrency('GBP');
9}
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*/
public function boot(): void
{
Number::useCurrency('GBP');
}
#### `Number::withCurrency()`
The `Number::withCurrency` method executes the given closure using the
specified currency and then restores the original currency after the callback
has executed:
1use Illuminate\Support\Number;
2 
3$number = Number::withCurrency('GBP', function () {
4 // ...
5});
use Illuminate\Support\Number;
$number = Number::withCurrency('GBP', function () {
// ...
});
## Paths
#### `app_path()`
The `app_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your application's
`app` directory. You may also use the `app_path` function to generate a fully
qualified path to a file relative to the application directory:
1$path = app_path();
2 
3$path = app_path('Http/Controllers/Controller.php');
$path = app_path();
$path = app_path('Http/Controllers/Controller.php');
#### `base_path()`
The `base_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's root directory. You may also use the `base_path` function to
generate a fully qualified path to a given file relative to the project root
directory:
1$path = base_path();
2 
3$path = base_path('vendor/bin');
$path = base_path();
$path = base_path('vendor/bin');
#### `config_path()`
The `config_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's `config` directory. You may also use the `config_path` function
to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the application's
configuration directory:
1$path = config_path();
2 
3$path = config_path('app.php');
$path = config_path();
$path = config_path('app.php');
#### `database_path()`
The `database_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's `database` directory. You may also use the `database_path`
function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the
database directory:
1$path = database_path();
2 
3$path = database_path('factories/UserFactory.php');
$path = database_path();
$path = database_path('factories/UserFactory.php');
#### `lang_path()`
The `lang_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's `lang` directory. You may also use the `lang_path` function to
generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the directory:
1$path = lang_path();
2 
3$path = lang_path('en/messages.php');
$path = lang_path();
$path = lang_path('en/messages.php');
By default, the Laravel application skeleton does not include the `lang`
directory. If you would like to customize Laravel's language files, you may
publish them via the `lang:publish` Artisan command.
#### `public_path()`
The `public_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's `public` directory. You may also use the `public_path` function
to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the public
directory:
1$path = public_path();
2 
3$path = public_path('css/app.css');
$path = public_path();
$path = public_path('css/app.css');
#### `resource_path()`
The `resource_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's `resources` directory. You may also use the `resource_path`
function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the
resources directory:
1$path = resource_path();
2 
3$path = resource_path('sass/app.scss');
$path = resource_path();
$path = resource_path('sass/app.scss');
#### `storage_path()`
The `storage_path` function returns the fully qualified path to your
application's `storage` directory. You may also use the `storage_path`
function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the storage
directory:
1$path = storage_path();
2 
3$path = storage_path('app/file.txt');
$path = storage_path();
$path = storage_path('app/file.txt');
## URLs
#### `action()`
The `action` function generates a URL for the given controller action:
1use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;
2 
3$url = action([HomeController::class, 'index']);
use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;
$url = action([HomeController::class, 'index']);
If the method accepts route parameters, you may pass them as the second
argument to the method:
1$url = action([UserController::class, 'profile'], ['id' => 1]);
$url = action([UserController::class, 'profile'], ['id' => 1]);
#### `asset()`
The `asset` function generates a URL for an asset using the current scheme of
the request (HTTP or HTTPS):
1$url = asset('img/photo.jpg');
$url = asset('img/photo.jpg');
You can configure the asset URL host by setting the `ASSET_URL` variable in
your `.env` file. This can be useful if you host your assets on an external
service like Amazon S3 or another CDN:
1// ASSET_URL=http://example.com/assets
2 
3$url = asset('img/photo.jpg'); // http://example.com/assets/img/photo.jpg
// ASSET_URL=http://example.com/assets
$url = asset('img/photo.jpg'); // http://example.com/assets/img/photo.jpg
#### `route()`
The `route` function generates a URL for a given [named
route](/docs/12.x/routing#named-routes):
1$url = route('route.name');
$url = route('route.name');
If the route accepts parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to
the function:
1$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1]);
$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1]);
By default, the `route` function generates an absolute URL. If you wish to
generate a relative URL, you may pass `false` as the third argument to the
function:
1$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1], false);
$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1], false);
#### `secure_asset()`
The `secure_asset` function generates a URL for an asset using HTTPS:
1$url = secure_asset('img/photo.jpg');
$url = secure_asset('img/photo.jpg');
#### `secure_url()`
The `secure_url` function generates a fully qualified HTTPS URL to the given
path. Additional URL segments may be passed in the function's second argument:
1$url = secure_url('user/profile');
2 
3$url = secure_url('user/profile', [1]);
$url = secure_url('user/profile');
$url = secure_url('user/profile', [1]);
#### `to_action()`
The `to_action` function generates a [redirect HTTP
response](/docs/12.x/responses#redirects) for a given controller action:
1use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
2 
3return to_action([UserController::class, 'show'], ['user' => 1]);
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
return to_action([UserController::class, 'show'], ['user' => 1]);
If necessary, you may pass the HTTP status code that should be assigned to the
redirect and any additional response headers as the third and fourth arguments
to the `to_action` method:
1return to_action(
2 [UserController::class, 'show'],
3 ['user' => 1],
4 302,
5 ['X-Framework' => 'Laravel']
6);
return to_action(
[UserController::class, 'show'],
['user' => 1],
302,
['X-Framework' => 'Laravel']
);
#### `to_route()`
The `to_route` function generates a [redirect HTTP
response](/docs/12.x/responses#redirects) for a given [named
route](/docs/12.x/routing#named-routes):
1return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
If necessary, you may pass the HTTP status code that should be assigned to the
redirect and any additional response headers as the third and fourth arguments
to the `to_route` method:
1return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1], 302, ['X-Framework' => 'Laravel']);
return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1], 302, ['X-Framework' => 'Laravel']);
#### `uri()`
The `uri` function generates a fluent URI instance for the given URI:
1$uri = uri('https://example.com')
2 ->withPath('/users')
3 ->withQuery(['page' => 1]);
$uri = uri('https://example.com')
->withPath('/users')
->withQuery(['page' => 1]);
If the `uri` function is given an array containing a callable controller and
method pair, the function will create a `Uri` instance for the controller
method's route path:
1use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
2 
3$uri = uri([UserController::class, 'show'], ['user' => $user]);
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
$uri = uri([UserController::class, 'show'], ['user' => $user]);
If the controller is invokable, you may simply provide the controller class
name:
1use App\Http\Controllers\UserIndexController;
2 
3$uri = uri(UserIndexController::class);
use App\Http\Controllers\UserIndexController;
$uri = uri(UserIndexController::class);
If the value given to the `uri` function matches the name of a [named
route](/docs/12.x/routing#named-routes), a `Uri` instance will be generated
for that route's path:
1$uri = uri('users.show', ['user' => $user]);
$uri = uri('users.show', ['user' => $user]);
#### `url()`
The `url` function generates a fully qualified URL to the given path:
1$url = url('user/profile');
2 
3$url = url('user/profile', [1]);
$url = url('user/profile');
$url = url('user/profile', [1]);
If no path is provided, an `Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator` instance is
returned:
1$current = url()->current();
2 
3$full = url()->full();
4 
5$previous = url()->previous();
$current = url()->current();
$full = url()->full();
$previous = url()->previous();
For more information on working with the `url` function, consult the [URL
generation documentation](/docs/12.x/urls#generating-urls).
## Miscellaneous
#### `abort()`
The `abort` function throws [an HTTP exception](/docs/12.x/errors#http-
exceptions) which will be rendered by the [exception
handler](/docs/12.x/errors#handling-exceptions):
1abort(403);
abort(403);
You may also provide the exception's message and custom HTTP response headers
that should be sent to the browser:
1abort(403, 'Unauthorized.', $headers);
abort(403, 'Unauthorized.', $headers);
#### `abort_if()`
The `abort_if` function throws an HTTP exception if a given boolean expression
evaluates to `true`:
1abort_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
abort_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
Like the `abort` method, you may also provide the exception's response text as
the third argument and an array of custom response headers as the fourth
argument to the function.
#### `abort_unless()`
The `abort_unless` function throws an HTTP exception if a given boolean
expression evaluates to `false`:
1abort_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
abort_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
Like the `abort` method, you may also provide the exception's response text as
the third argument and an array of custom response headers as the fourth
argument to the function.
#### `app()`
The `app` function returns the [service container](/docs/12.x/container)
instance:
1$container = app();
$container = app();
You may pass a class or interface name to resolve it from the container:
1$api = app('HelpSpot\API');
$api = app('HelpSpot\API');
#### `auth()`
The `auth` function returns an [authenticator](/docs/12.x/authentication)
instance. You may use it as an alternative to the `Auth` facade:
1$user = auth()->user();
$user = auth()->user();
If needed, you may specify which guard instance you would like to access:
1$user = auth('admin')->user();
$user = auth('admin')->user();
#### `back()`
The `back` function generates a [redirect HTTP
response](/docs/12.x/responses#redirects) to the user's previous location:
1return back($status = 302, $headers = [], $fallback = '/');
2 
3return back();
return back($status = 302, $headers = [], $fallback = '/');
return back();
#### `bcrypt()`
The `bcrypt` function [hashes](/docs/12.x/hashing) the given value using
Bcrypt. You may use this function as an alternative to the `Hash` facade:
1$password = bcrypt('my-secret-password');
$password = bcrypt('my-secret-password');
#### `blank()`
The `blank` function determines whether the given value is "blank":
1blank('');
2blank(' ');
3blank(null);
4blank(collect());
5 
6// true
7 
8blank(0);
9blank(true);
10blank(false);
11 
12// false
blank('');
blank(' ');
blank(null);
blank(collect());
// true
blank(0);
blank(true);
blank(false);
// false
For the inverse of `blank`, see the filled function.
#### `broadcast()`
The `broadcast` function [broadcasts](/docs/12.x/broadcasting) the given
[event](/docs/12.x/events) to its listeners:
1broadcast(new UserRegistered($user));
2 
3broadcast(new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
broadcast(new UserRegistered($user));
broadcast(new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
#### `broadcast_if()`
The `broadcast_if` function [broadcasts](/docs/12.x/broadcasting) the given
[event](/docs/12.x/events) to its listeners if a given boolean expression
evaluates to `true`:
1broadcast_if($user->isActive(), new UserRegistered($user));
2 
3broadcast_if($user->isActive(), new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
broadcast_if($user->isActive(), new UserRegistered($user));
broadcast_if($user->isActive(), new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
#### `broadcast_unless()`
The `broadcast_unless` function [broadcasts](/docs/12.x/broadcasting) the
given [event](/docs/12.x/events) to its listeners if a given boolean
expression evaluates to `false`:
1broadcast_unless($user->isBanned(), new UserRegistered($user));
2 
3broadcast_unless($user->isBanned(), new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
broadcast_unless($user->isBanned(), new UserRegistered($user));
broadcast_unless($user->isBanned(), new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
#### `cache()`
The `cache` function may be used to get values from the
[cache](/docs/12.x/cache). If the given key does not exist in the cache, an
optional default value will be returned:
1$value = cache('key');
2 
3$value = cache('key', 'default');
$value = cache('key');
$value = cache('key', 'default');
You may add items to the cache by passing an array of key / value pairs to the
function. You should also pass the number of seconds or duration the cached
value should be considered valid:
1cache(['key' => 'value'], 300);
2 
3cache(['key' => 'value'], now()->addSeconds(10));
cache(['key' => 'value'], 300);
cache(['key' => 'value'], now()->addSeconds(10));
#### `class_uses_recursive()`
The `class_uses_recursive` function returns all traits used by a class,
including traits used by all of its parent classes:
1$traits = class_uses_recursive(App\Models\User::class);
$traits = class_uses_recursive(App\Models\User::class);
#### `collect()`
The `collect` function creates a [collection](/docs/12.x/collections) instance
from the given value:
1$collection = collect(['Taylor', 'Abigail']);
$collection = collect(['Taylor', 'Abigail']);
#### `config()`
The `config` function gets the value of a
[configuration](/docs/12.x/configuration) variable. The configuration values
may be accessed using "dot" syntax, which includes the name of the file and
the option you wish to access. You may also provide a default value that will
be returned if the configuration option does not exist:
1$value = config('app.timezone');
2 
3$value = config('app.timezone', $default);
$value = config('app.timezone');
$value = config('app.timezone', $default);
You may set configuration variables at runtime by passing an array of key /
value pairs. However, note that this function only affects the configuration
value for the current request and does not update your actual configuration
values:
1config(['app.debug' => true]);
config(['app.debug' => true]);
#### `context()`
The `context` function gets the value from the current
[context](/docs/12.x/context). You may also provide a default value that will
be returned if the context key does not exist:
1$value = context('trace_id');
2 
3$value = context('trace_id', $default);
$value = context('trace_id');
$value = context('trace_id', $default);
You may set context values by passing an array of key / value pairs:
1use Illuminate\Support\Str;
2 
3context(['trace_id' => Str::uuid()->toString()]);
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
context(['trace_id' => Str::uuid()->toString()]);
#### `cookie()`
The `cookie` function creates a new [cookie](/docs/12.x/requests#cookies)
instance:
1$cookie = cookie('name', 'value', $minutes);
$cookie = cookie('name', 'value', $minutes);
#### `csrf_field()`
The `csrf_field` function generates an HTML `hidden` input field containing
the value of the CSRF token. For example, using [Blade
syntax](/docs/12.x/blade):
1{{ csrf_field() }}
{{ csrf_field() }}
#### `csrf_token()`
The `csrf_token` function retrieves the value of the current CSRF token:
1$token = csrf_token();
$token = csrf_token();
#### `decrypt()`
The `decrypt` function [decrypts](/docs/12.x/encryption) the given value. You
may use this function as an alternative to the `Crypt` facade:
1$password = decrypt($value);
$password = decrypt($value);
For the inverse of `decrypt`, see the encrypt function.
#### `dd()`
The `dd` function dumps the given variables and ends the execution of the
script:
1dd($value);
2 
3dd($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
dd($value);
dd($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
If you do not want to halt the execution of your script, use the dump function
instead.
#### `dispatch()`
The `dispatch` function pushes the given [job](/docs/12.x/queues#creating-
jobs) onto the Laravel [job queue](/docs/12.x/queues):
1dispatch(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
dispatch(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
#### `dispatch_sync()`
The `dispatch_sync` function pushes the given job to the
[sync](/docs/12.x/queues#synchronous-dispatching) queue so that it is
processed immediately:
1dispatch_sync(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
dispatch_sync(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
#### `dump()`
The `dump` function dumps the given variables:
1dump($value);
2 
3dump($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
dump($value);
dump($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
If you want to stop executing the script after dumping the variables, use the
dd function instead.
#### `encrypt()`
The `encrypt` function [encrypts](/docs/12.x/encryption) the given value. You
may use this function as an alternative to the `Crypt` facade:
1$secret = encrypt('my-secret-value');
$secret = encrypt('my-secret-value');
For the inverse of `encrypt`, see the decrypt function.
#### `env()`
The `env` function retrieves the value of an [environment
variable](/docs/12.x/configuration#environment-configuration) or returns a
default value:
1$env = env('APP_ENV');
2 
3$env = env('APP_ENV', 'production');
$env = env('APP_ENV');
$env = env('APP_ENV', 'production');
If you execute the `config:cache` command during your deployment process, you
should be sure that you are only calling the `env` function from within your
configuration files. Once the configuration has been cached, the `.env` file
will not be loaded and all calls to the `env` function will return external
environment variables such as server-level or system-level environment
variables or `null`.
#### `event()`
The `event` function dispatches the given [event](/docs/12.x/events) to its
listeners:
1event(new UserRegistered($user));
event(new UserRegistered($user));
#### `fake()`
The `fake` function resolves a [Faker](https://github.com/FakerPHP/Faker)
singleton from the container, which can be useful when creating fake data in
model factories, database seeding, tests, and prototyping views:
1@for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
2 <dl>
3 <dt>Name</dt>
4 <dd>{{ fake()->name() }}</dd>
5 
6 <dt>Email</dt>
7 <dd>{{ fake()->unique()->safeEmail() }}</dd>
8 </dl>
9@endfor
@for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
<dl>
<dt>Name</dt>
<dd>{{ fake()->name() }}</dd>
<dt>Email</dt>
<dd>{{ fake()->unique()->safeEmail() }}</dd>
</dl>
@endfor
By default, the `fake` function will utilize the `app.faker_locale`
configuration option in your `config/app.php` configuration. Typically, this
configuration option is set via the `APP_FAKER_LOCALE` environment variable.
You may also specify the locale by passing it to the `fake` function. Each
locale will resolve an individual singleton:
1fake('nl_NL')->name()
fake('nl_NL')->name()
#### `filled()`
The `filled` function determines whether the given value is not "blank":
1filled(0);
2filled(true);
3filled(false);
4 
5// true
6 
7filled('');
8filled(' ');
9filled(null);
10filled(collect());
11 
12// false
filled(0);
filled(true);
filled(false);
// true
filled('');
filled(' ');
filled(null);
filled(collect());
// false
For the inverse of `filled`, see the blank function.
#### `info()`
The `info` function will write information to your application's
[log](/docs/12.x/logging):
1info('Some helpful information!');
info('Some helpful information!');
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:
1info('User login attempt failed.', ['id' => $user->id]);
info('User login attempt failed.', ['id' => $user->id]);
#### `literal()`
The `literal` function creates a new
[stdClass](https://www.php.net/manual/en/class.stdclass.php) instance with the
given named arguments as properties:
1$obj = literal(
2 name: 'Joe',
3 languages: ['PHP', 'Ruby'],
4);
5 
6$obj->name; // 'Joe'
7$obj->languages; // ['PHP', 'Ruby']
$obj = literal(
name: 'Joe',
languages: ['PHP', 'Ruby'],
);
$obj->name; // 'Joe'
$obj->languages; // ['PHP', 'Ruby']
#### `logger()`
The `logger` function can be used to write a `debug` level message to the
[log](/docs/12.x/logging):
1logger('Debug message');
logger('Debug message');
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:
1logger('User has logged in.', ['id' => $user->id]);
logger('User has logged in.', ['id' => $user->id]);
A [logger](/docs/12.x/logging) instance will be returned if no value is passed
to the function:
1logger()->error('You are not allowed here.');
logger()->error('You are not allowed here.');
#### `method_field()`
The `method_field` function generates an HTML `hidden` input field containing
the spoofed value of the form's HTTP verb. For example, using [Blade
syntax](/docs/12.x/blade):
1<form method="POST">
2 {{ method_field('DELETE') }}
3</form>
<form method="POST">
{{ method_field('DELETE') }}
</form>
#### `now()`
The `now` function creates a new `Illuminate\Support\Carbon` instance for the
current time:
1$now = now();
$now = now();
#### `old()`
The `old` function [retrieves](/docs/12.x/requests#retrieving-input) an [old
input](/docs/12.x/requests#old-input) value flashed into the session:
1$value = old('value');
2 
3$value = old('value', 'default');
$value = old('value');
$value = old('value', 'default');
Since the "default value" provided as the second argument to the `old`
function is often an attribute of an Eloquent model, Laravel allows you to
simply pass the entire Eloquent model as the second argument to the `old`
function. When doing so, Laravel will assume the first argument provided to
the `old` function is the name of the Eloquent attribute that should be
considered the "default value":
1{{ old('name', $user->name) }}
2 
3// Is equivalent to...
4 
5{{ old('name', $user) }}
{{ old('name', $user->name) }}
// Is equivalent to...
{{ old('name', $user) }}
#### `once()`
The `once` function executes the given callback and caches the result in
memory for the duration of the request. Any subsequent calls to the `once`
function with the same callback will return the previously cached result:
1function random(): int
2{
3 return once(function () {
4 return random_int(1, 1000);
5 });
6}
7 
8random(); // 123
9random(); // 123 (cached result)
10random(); // 123 (cached result)
function random(): int
{
return once(function () {
return random_int(1, 1000);
});
}
random(); // 123
random(); // 123 (cached result)
random(); // 123 (cached result)
When the `once` function is executed from within an object instance, the
cached result will be unique to that object instance:
1<?php
2 
3class NumberService
4{
5 public function all(): array
6 {
7 return once(fn () => [1, 2, 3]);
8 }
9}
10 
11$service = new NumberService;
12 
13$service->all();
14$service->all(); // (cached result)
15 
16$secondService = new NumberService;
17 
18$secondService->all();
19$secondService->all(); // (cached result)
<?php
class NumberService
{
public function all(): array
{
return once(fn () => [1, 2, 3]);
}
}
$service = new NumberService;
$service->all();
$service->all(); // (cached result)
$secondService = new NumberService;
$secondService->all();
$secondService->all(); // (cached result)
#### `optional()`
The `optional` function accepts any argument and allows you to access
properties or call methods on that object. If the given object is `null`,
properties and methods will return `null` instead of causing an error:
1return optional($user->address)->street;
2 
3{!! old('name', optional($user)->name) !!}
return optional($user->address)->street;
{!! old('name', optional($user)->name) !!}
The `optional` function also accepts a closure as its second argument. The
closure will be invoked if the value provided as the first argument is not
null:
1return optional(User::find($id), function (User $user) {
2 return $user->name;
3});
return optional(User::find($id), function (User $user) {
return $user->name;
});
#### `policy()`
The `policy` method retrieves a [policy](/docs/12.x/authorization#creating-
policies) instance for a given class:
1$policy = policy(App\Models\User::class);
$policy = policy(App\Models\User::class);
#### `redirect()`
The `redirect` function returns a [redirect HTTP
response](/docs/12.x/responses#redirects), or returns the redirector instance
if called with no arguments:
1return redirect($to = null, $status = 302, $headers = [], $secure = null);
2 
3return redirect('/home');
4 
5return redirect()->route('route.name');
return redirect($to = null, $status = 302, $headers = [], $secure = null);
return redirect('/home');
return redirect()->route('route.name');
#### `report()`
The `report` function will report an exception using your [exception
handler](/docs/12.x/errors#handling-exceptions):
1report($e);
report($e);
The `report` function also accepts a string as an argument. When a string is
given to the function, the function will create an exception with the given
string as its message:
1report('Something went wrong.');
report('Something went wrong.');
#### `report_if()`
The `report_if` function will report an exception using your [exception
handler](/docs/12.x/errors#handling-exceptions) if a given boolean expression
evaluates to `true`:
1report_if($shouldReport, $e);
2 
3report_if($shouldReport, 'Something went wrong.');
report_if($shouldReport, $e);
report_if($shouldReport, 'Something went wrong.');
#### `report_unless()`
The `report_unless` function will report an exception using your [exception
handler](/docs/12.x/errors#handling-exceptions) if a given boolean expression
evaluates to `false`:
1report_unless($reportingDisabled, $e);
2 
3report_unless($reportingDisabled, 'Something went wrong.');
report_unless($reportingDisabled, $e);
report_unless($reportingDisabled, 'Something went wrong.');
#### `request()`
The `request` function returns the current [request](/docs/12.x/requests)
instance or obtains an input field's value from the current request:
1$request = request();
2 
3$value = request('key', $default);
$request = request();
$value = request('key', $default);
#### `rescue()`
The `rescue` function executes the given closure and catches any exceptions
that occur during its execution. All exceptions that are caught will be sent
to your [exception handler](/docs/12.x/errors#handling-exceptions); however,
the request will continue processing:
1return rescue(function () {
2 return $this->method();
3});
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
});
You may also pass a second argument to the `rescue` function. This argument
will be the "default" value that should be returned if an exception occurs
while executing the closure:
1return rescue(function () {
2 return $this->method();
3}, false);
4 
5return rescue(function () {
6 return $this->method();
7}, function () {
8 return $this->failure();
9});
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, false);
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, function () {
return $this->failure();
});
A `report` argument may be provided to the `rescue` function to determine if
the exception should be reported via the `report` function:
1return rescue(function () {
2 return $this->method();
3}, report: function (Throwable $throwable) {
4 return $throwable instanceof InvalidArgumentException;
5});
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, report: function (Throwable $throwable) {
return $throwable instanceof InvalidArgumentException;
});
#### `resolve()`
The `resolve` function resolves a given class or interface name to an instance
using the [service container](/docs/12.x/container):
1$api = resolve('HelpSpot\API');
$api = resolve('HelpSpot\API');
#### `response()`
The `response` function creates a [response](/docs/12.x/responses) instance or
obtains an instance of the response factory:
1return response('Hello World', 200, $headers);
2 
3return response()->json(['foo' => 'bar'], 200, $headers);
return response('Hello World', 200, $headers);
return response()->json(['foo' => 'bar'], 200, $headers);
#### `retry()`
The `retry` function attempts to execute the given callback until the given
maximum attempt threshold is met. If the callback does not throw an exception,
its return value will be returned. If the callback throws an exception, it
will automatically be retried. If the maximum attempt count is exceeded, the
exception will be thrown:
1return retry(5, function () {
2 // Attempt 5 times while resting 100ms between attempts...
3}, 100);
return retry(5, function () {
// Attempt 5 times while resting 100ms between attempts...
}, 100);
If you would like to manually calculate the number of milliseconds to sleep
between attempts, you may pass a closure as the third argument to the `retry`
function:
1use Exception;
2 
3return retry(5, function () {
4 // ...
5}, function (int $attempt, Exception $exception) {
6 return $attempt * 100;
7});
use Exception;
return retry(5, function () {
// ...
}, function (int $attempt, Exception $exception) {
return $attempt * 100;
});
For convenience, you may provide an array as the first argument to the `retry`
function. This array will be used to determine how many milliseconds to sleep
between subsequent attempts:
1return retry([100, 200], function () {
2 // Sleep for 100ms on first retry, 200ms on second retry...
3});
return retry([100, 200], function () {
// Sleep for 100ms on first retry, 200ms on second retry...
});
To only retry under specific conditions, you may pass a closure as the fourth
argument to the `retry` function:
1use App\Exceptions\TemporaryException;
2use Exception;
3 
4return retry(5, function () {
5 // ...
6}, 100, function (Exception $exception) {
7 return $exception instanceof TemporaryException;
8});
use App\Exceptions\TemporaryException;
use Exception;
return retry(5, function () {
// ...
}, 100, function (Exception $exception) {
return $exception instanceof TemporaryException;
});
#### `session()`
The `session` function may be used to get or set [session](/docs/12.x/session)
values:
1$value = session('key');
$value = session('key');
You may set values by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function:
1session(['chairs' => 7, 'instruments' => 3]);
session(['chairs' => 7, 'instruments' => 3]);
The session store will be returned if no value is passed to the function:
1$value = session()->get('key');
2 
3session()->put('key', $value);
$value = session()->get('key');
session()->put('key', $value);
#### `tap()`
The `tap` function accepts two arguments: an arbitrary `$value` and a closure.
The `$value` will be passed to the closure and then be returned by the `tap`
function. The return value of the closure is irrelevant:
1$user = tap(User::first(), function (User $user) {
2 $user->name = 'Taylor';
3 
4 $user->save();
5});
$user = tap(User::first(), function (User $user) {
$user->name = 'Taylor';
$user->save();
});
If no closure is passed to the `tap` function, you may call any method on the
given `$value`. The return value of the method you call will always be
`$value`, regardless of what the method actually returns in its definition.
For example, the Eloquent `update` method typically returns an integer.
However, we can force the method to return the model itself by chaining the
`update` method call through the `tap` function:
1$user = tap($user)->update([
2 'name' => $name,
3 'email' => $email,
4]);
$user = tap($user)->update([
'name' => $name,
'email' => $email,
]);
To add a `tap` method to a class, you may add the
`Illuminate\Support\Traits\Tappable` trait to the class. The `tap` method of
this trait accepts a Closure as its only argument. The object instance itself
will be passed to the Closure and then be returned by the `tap` method:
1return $user->tap(function (User $user) {
2 // ...
3});
return $user->tap(function (User $user) {
// ...
});
#### `throw_if()`
The `throw_if` function throws the given exception if a given boolean
expression evaluates to `true`:
1throw_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
2 
3throw_if(
4 ! Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
5 AuthorizationException::class,
6 'You are not allowed to access this page.'
7);
throw_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
throw_if(
! Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
AuthorizationException::class,
'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);
#### `throw_unless()`
The `throw_unless` function throws the given exception if a given boolean
expression evaluates to `false`:
1throw_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
2 
3throw_unless(
4 Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
5 AuthorizationException::class,
6 'You are not allowed to access this page.'
7);
throw_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
throw_unless(
Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
AuthorizationException::class,
'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);
#### `today()`
The `today` function creates a new `Illuminate\Support\Carbon` instance for
the current date:
1$today = today();
$today = today();
#### `trait_uses_recursive()`
The `trait_uses_recursive` function returns all traits used by a trait:
1$traits = trait_uses_recursive(\Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable::class);
$traits = trait_uses_recursive(\Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable::class);
#### `transform()`
The `transform` function executes a closure on a given value if the value is
not blank and then returns the return value of the closure:
1$callback = function (int $value) {
2 return $value * 2;
3};
4 
5$result = transform(5, $callback);
6 
7// 10
$callback = function (int $value) {
return $value * 2;
};
$result = transform(5, $callback);
// 10
A default value or closure may be passed as the third argument to the
function. This value will be returned if the given value is blank:
1$result = transform(null, $callback, 'The value is blank');
2 
3// The value is blank
$result = transform(null, $callback, 'The value is blank');
// The value is blank
#### `validator()`
The `validator` function creates a new [validator](/docs/12.x/validation)
instance with the given arguments. You may use it as an alternative to the
`Validator` facade:
1$validator = validator($data, $rules, $messages);
$validator = validator($data, $rules, $messages);
#### `value()`
The `value` function returns the value it is given. However, if you pass a
closure to the function, the closure will be executed and its returned value
will be returned:
1$result = value(true);
2 
3// true
4 
5$result = value(function () {
6 return false;
7});
8 
9// false
$result = value(true);
// true
$result = value(function () {
return false;
});
// false
Additional arguments may be passed to the `value` function. If the first
argument is a closure then the additional parameters will be passed to the
closure as arguments, otherwise they will be ignored:
1$result = value(function (string $name) {
2 return $name;
3}, 'Taylor');
4 
5// 'Taylor'
$result = value(function (string $name) {
return $name;
}, 'Taylor');
// 'Taylor'
#### `view()`
The `view` function retrieves a [view](/docs/12.x/views) instance:
1return view('auth.login');
return view('auth.login');
#### `with()`
The `with` function returns the value it is given. If a closure is passed as
the second argument to the function, the closure will be executed and its
returned value will be returned:
1$callback = function (mixed $value) {
2 return is_numeric($value) ? $value * 2 : 0;
3};
4 
5$result = with(5, $callback);
6 
7// 10
8 
9$result = with(null, $callback);
10 
11// 0
12 
13$result = with(5, null);
14 
15// 5
$callback = function (mixed $value) {
return is_numeric($value) ? $value * 2 : 0;
};
$result = with(5, $callback);
// 10
$result = with(null, $callback);
// 0
$result = with(5, null);
// 5
#### `when()`
The `when` function returns the value it is given if a given condition
evaluates to `true`. Otherwise, `null` is returned. If a closure is passed as
the second argument to the function, the closure will be executed and its
returned value will be returned:
1$value = when(true, 'Hello World');
2 
3$value = when(true, fn () => 'Hello World');
$value = when(true, 'Hello World');
$value = when(true, fn () => 'Hello World');
The `when` function is primarily useful for conditionally rendering HTML
attributes:
1<div {!! when($condition, 'wire:poll="calculate"') !!}>
2 ...
3</div>
<div {!! when($condition, 'wire:poll="calculate"') !!}>
...
</div>
## Other Utilities
### Benchmarking
Sometimes you may wish to quickly test the performance of certain parts of
your application. On those occasions, you may utilize the `Benchmark` support
class to measure the number of milliseconds it takes for the given callbacks
to complete:
1<?php
2 
3use App\Models\User;
4use Illuminate\Support\Benchmark;
5 
6Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::find(1)); // 0.1 ms
7 
8Benchmark::dd([
9 'Scenario 1' => fn () => User::count(), // 0.5 ms
10 'Scenario 2' => fn () => User::all()->count(), // 20.0 ms
11]);
<?php
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Benchmark;
Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::find(1)); // 0.1 ms
Benchmark::dd([
'Scenario 1' => fn () => User::count(), // 0.5 ms
'Scenario 2' => fn () => User::all()->count(), // 20.0 ms
]);
By default, the given callbacks will be executed once (one iteration), and
their duration will be displayed in the browser / console.
To invoke a callback more than once, you may specify the number of iterations
that the callback should be invoked as the second argument to the method. When
executing a callback more than once, the `Benchmark` class will return the
average number of milliseconds it took to execute the callback across all
iterations:
1Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::count(), iterations: 10); // 0.5 ms
Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::count(), iterations: 10); // 0.5 ms
Sometimes, you may want to benchmark the execution of a callback while still
obtaining the value returned by the callback. The `value` method will return a
tuple containing the value returned by the callback and the number of
milliseconds it took to execute the callback:
1[$count, $duration] = Benchmark::value(fn () => User::count());
[$count, $duration] = Benchmark::value(fn () => User::count());
### Dates
Laravel includes [Carbon](https://carbon.nesbot.com/docs/), a powerful date
and time manipulation library. To create a new `Carbon` instance, you may
invoke the `now` function. This function is globally available within your
Laravel application:
1$now = now();
$now = now();
Or, you may create a new `Carbon` instance using the
`Illuminate\Support\Carbon` class:
1use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
2 
3$now = Carbon::now();
use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
$now = Carbon::now();
For a thorough discussion of Carbon and its features, please consult the
[official Carbon documentation](https://carbon.nesbot.com/docs/).
### Deferred Functions
While Laravel's [queued jobs](/docs/12.x/queues) allow you to queue tasks for
background processing, sometimes you may have simple tasks you would like to
defer without configuring or maintaining a long-running queue worker.
Deferred functions allow you to defer the execution of a closure until after
the HTTP response has been sent to the user, keeping your application feeling
fast and responsive. To defer the execution of a closure, simply pass the
closure to the `Illuminate\Support\defer` function:
1use App\Services\Metrics;
2use Illuminate\Http\Request;
3use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
4use function Illuminate\Support\defer;
5 
6Route::post('/orders', function (Request $request) {
7 // Create order...
8 
9 defer(fn () => Metrics::reportOrder($order));
10 
11 return $order;
12});
use App\Services\Metrics;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use function Illuminate\Support\defer;
Route::post('/orders', function (Request $request) {
// Create order...
defer(fn () => Metrics::reportOrder($order));
return $order;
});
By default, deferred functions will only be executed if the HTTP response,
Artisan command, or queued job from which `Illuminate\Support\defer` is
invoked completes successfully. This means that deferred functions will not be
executed if a request results in a `4xx` or `5xx` HTTP response. If you would
like a deferred function to always execute, you may chain the `always` method
onto your deferred function:
1defer(fn () => Metrics::reportOrder($order))->always();
defer(fn () => Metrics::reportOrder($order))->always();
If you have the [Swoole PHP
extension](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.swoole.php) installed, Laravel's
`defer` function may conflict with Swoole's own global `defer` function,
leading to web server errors. Make sure you call Laravel's `defer` helper by
explicitly namespacing it: `use function Illuminate\Support\defer;`
#### Cancelling Deferred Functions
If you need to cancel a deferred function before it is executed, you can use
the `forget` method to cancel the function by its name. To name a deferred
function, provide a second argument to the `Illuminate\Support\defer`
function:
1defer(fn () => Metrics::report(), 'reportMetrics');
2 
3defer()->forget('reportMetrics');
defer(fn () => Metrics::report(), 'reportMetrics');
defer()->forget('reportMetrics');
#### Disabling Deferred Functions in Tests
When writing tests, it may be useful to disable deferred functions. You may
call `withoutDefer` in your test to instruct Laravel to invoke all deferred
functions immediately:
Pest PHPUnit
1test('without defer', function () {
2 $this->withoutDefer();
3 
4 // ...
5});
test('without defer', function () {
$this->withoutDefer();
// ...
});
1use Tests\TestCase;
2 
3class ExampleTest extends TestCase
4{
5 public function test_without_defer(): void
6 {
7 $this->withoutDefer();
8 
9 // ...
10 }
11}
use Tests\TestCase;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
public function test_without_defer(): void
{
$this->withoutDefer();
// ...
}
}
If you would like to disable deferred functions for all tests within a test
case, you may call the `withoutDefer` method from the `setUp` method on your
base `TestCase` class:
1<?php
2 
3namespace Tests;
4 
5use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase as BaseTestCase;
6 
7abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase
8{
9 protected function setUp(): void
10 {
11 parent::setUp();
12 
13 $this->withoutDefer();
14 }
15}
<?php
namespace Tests;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase as BaseTestCase;
abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase
{
protected function setUp(): void
{
parent::setUp();
$this->withoutDefer();
}
}
### Lottery
Laravel's lottery class may be used to execute callbacks based on a set of
given odds. This can be particularly useful when you only want to execute code
for a percentage of your incoming requests:
1use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;
2 
3Lottery::odds(1, 20)
4 ->winner(fn () => $user->won())
5 ->loser(fn () => $user->lost())
6 ->choose();
use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;
Lottery::odds(1, 20)
->winner(fn () => $user->won())
->loser(fn () => $user->lost())
->choose();
You may combine Laravel's lottery class with other Laravel features. For
example, you may wish to only report a small percentage of slow queries to
your exception handler. And, since the lottery class is callable, we may pass
an instance of the class into any method that accepts callables:
1use Carbon\CarbonInterval;
2use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
3use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;
4 
5DB::whenQueryingForLongerThan(
6 CarbonInterval::seconds(2),
7 Lottery::odds(1, 100)->winner(fn () => report('Querying > 2 seconds.')),
8);
use Carbon\CarbonInterval;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;
DB::whenQueryingForLongerThan(
CarbonInterval::seconds(2),
Lottery::odds(1, 100)->winner(fn () => report('Querying > 2 seconds.')),
);
#### Testing Lotteries
Laravel provides some simple methods to allow you to easily test your
application's lottery invocations:
1// Lottery will always win...
2Lottery::alwaysWin();
3 
4// Lottery will always lose...
5Lottery::alwaysLose();
6 
7// Lottery will win then lose, and finally return to normal behavior...
8Lottery::fix([true, false]);
9 
10// Lottery will return to normal behavior...
11Lottery::determineResultsNormally();
// Lottery will always win...
Lottery::alwaysWin();
// Lottery will always lose...
Lottery::alwaysLose();
// Lottery will win then lose, and finally return to normal behavior...
Lottery::fix([true, false]);
// Lottery will return to normal behavior...
Lottery::determineResultsNormally();
### Pipeline
Laravel's `Pipeline` facade provides a convenient way to "pipe" a given input
through a series of invokable classes, closures, or callables, giving each
class the opportunity to inspect or modify the input and invoke the next
callable in the pipeline:
1use Closure;
2use App\Models\User;
3use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Pipeline;
4 
5$user = Pipeline::send($user)
6 ->through([
7 function (User $user, Closure $next) {
8 // ...
9 
10 return $next($user);
11 },
12 function (User $user, Closure $next) {
13 // ...
14 
15 return $next($user);
16 },
17 ])
18 ->then(fn (User $user) => $user);
use Closure;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Pipeline;
$user = Pipeline::send($user)
->through([
function (User $user, Closure $next) {
// ...
return $next($user);
},
function (User $user, Closure $next) {
// ...
return $next($user);
},
])
->then(fn (User $user) => $user);
As you can see, each invokable class or closure in the pipeline is provided
the input and a `$next` closure. Invoking the `$next` closure will invoke the
next callable in the pipeline. As you may have noticed, this is very similar
to [middleware](/docs/12.x/middleware).
When the last callable in the pipeline invokes the `$next` closure, the
callable provided to the `then` method will be invoked. Typically, this
callable will simply return the given input. For convenience, if you simply
want to return the input after it has been processed, you may use the
`thenReturn` method.
Of course, as discussed previously, you are not limited to providing closures
to your pipeline. You may also provide invokable classes. If a class name is
provided, the class will be instantiated via Laravel's [service
container](/docs/12.x/container), allowing dependencies to be injected into
the invokable class:
1$user = Pipeline::send($user)
2 ->through([
3 GenerateProfilePhoto::class,
4 ActivateSubscription::class,
5 SendWelcomeEmail::class,
6 ])
7 ->thenReturn();
$user = Pipeline::send($user)
->through([
GenerateProfilePhoto::class,
ActivateSubscription::class,
SendWelcomeEmail::class,
])
->thenReturn();
The `withinTransaction` method may be invoked on the pipeline to automatically
wrap all steps of the pipeline within a single database transaction:
1$user = Pipeline::send($user)
2 ->withinTransaction()
3 ->through([
4 ProcessOrder::class,
5 TransferFunds::class,
6 UpdateInventory::class,
7 ])
8 ->thenReturn();
$user = Pipeline::send($user)
->withinTransaction()
->through([
ProcessOrder::class,
TransferFunds::class,
UpdateInventory::class,
])
->thenReturn();
### Sleep
Laravel's `Sleep` class is a light-weight wrapper around PHP's native `sleep`
and `usleep` functions, offering greater testability while also exposing a
developer friendly API for working with time:
1use Illuminate\Support\Sleep;
2 
3$waiting = true;
4 
5while ($waiting) {
6 Sleep::for(1)->second();
7 
8 $waiting = /* ... */;
9}
use Illuminate\Support\Sleep;
$waiting = true;
while ($waiting) {
Sleep::for(1)->second();
$waiting = /* ... */;
}
The `Sleep` class offers a variety of methods that allow you to work with
different units of time:
1// Return a value after sleeping...
2$result = Sleep::for(1)->second()->then(fn () => 1 + 1);
3 
4// Sleep while a given value is true...
5Sleep::for(1)->second()->while(fn () => shouldKeepSleeping());
6 
7// Pause execution for 90 seconds...
8Sleep::for(1.5)->minutes();
9 
10// Pause execution for 2 seconds...
11Sleep::for(2)->seconds();
12 
13// Pause execution for 500 milliseconds...
14Sleep::for(500)->milliseconds();
15 
16// Pause execution for 5,000 microseconds...
17Sleep::for(5000)->microseconds();
18 
19// Pause execution until a given time...
20Sleep::until(now()->addMinute());
21 
22// Alias of PHP's native "sleep" function...
23Sleep::sleep(2);
24 
25// Alias of PHP's native "usleep" function...
26Sleep::usleep(5000);
// Return a value after sleeping...
$result = Sleep::for(1)->second()->then(fn () => 1 + 1);
// Sleep while a given value is true...
Sleep::for(1)->second()->while(fn () => shouldKeepSleeping());
// Pause execution for 90 seconds...
Sleep::for(1.5)->minutes();
// Pause execution for 2 seconds...
Sleep::for(2)->seconds();
// Pause execution for 500 milliseconds...
Sleep::for(500)->milliseconds();
// Pause execution for 5,000 microseconds...
Sleep::for(5000)->microseconds();
// Pause execution until a given time...
Sleep::until(now()->addMinute());
// Alias of PHP's native "sleep" function...
Sleep::sleep(2);
// Alias of PHP's native "usleep" function...
Sleep::usleep(5000);
To easily combine units of time, you may use the `and` method:
1Sleep::for(1)->second()->and(10)->milliseconds();
Sleep::for(1)->second()->and(10)->milliseconds();
#### Testing Sleep
When testing code that utilizes the `Sleep` class or PHP's native sleep
functions, your test will pause execution. As you might expect, this makes
your test suite significantly slower. For example, imagine you are testing the
following code:
1$waiting = /* ... */;
2 
3$seconds = 1;
4 
5while ($waiting) {
6 Sleep::for($seconds++)->seconds();
7 
8 $waiting = /* ... */;
9}
$waiting = /* ... */;
$seconds = 1;
while ($waiting) {
Sleep::for($seconds++)->seconds();
$waiting = /* ... */;
}
Typically, testing this code would take _at least_ one second. Luckily, the
`Sleep` class allows us to "fake" sleeping so that our test suite stays fast:
Pest PHPUnit
1it('waits until ready', function () {
2 Sleep::fake();
3 
4 // ...
5});
it('waits until ready', function () {
Sleep::fake();
// ...
});
1public function test_it_waits_until_ready()
2{
3 Sleep::fake();
4 
5 // ...
6}
public function test_it_waits_until_ready()
{
Sleep::fake();
// ...
}
When faking the `Sleep` class, the actual execution pause is by-passed,
leading to a substantially faster test.
Once the `Sleep` class has been faked, it is possible to make assertions
against the expected "sleeps" that should have occurred. To illustrate this,
let's imagine we are testing code that pauses execution three times, with each
pause increasing by a single second. Using the `assertSequence` method, we can
assert that our code "slept" for the proper amount of time while keeping our
test fast:
Pest PHPUnit
1it('checks if ready three times', function () {
2 Sleep::fake();
3 
4 // ...
5 
6 Sleep::assertSequence([
7 Sleep::for(1)->second(),
8 Sleep::for(2)->seconds(),
9 Sleep::for(3)->seconds(),
10 ]);
11}
it('checks if ready three times', function () {
Sleep::fake();
// ...
Sleep::assertSequence([
Sleep::for(1)->second(),
Sleep::for(2)->seconds(),
Sleep::for(3)->seconds(),
]);
}
1public function test_it_checks_if_ready_three_times()
2{
3 Sleep::fake();
4 
5 // ...
6 
7 Sleep::assertSequence([
8 Sleep::for(1)->second(),
9 Sleep::for(2)->seconds(),
10 Sleep::for(3)->seconds(),
11 ]);
12}
public function test_it_checks_if_ready_three_times()
{
Sleep::fake();
// ...
Sleep::assertSequence([
Sleep::for(1)->second(),
Sleep::for(2)->seconds(),
Sleep::for(3)->seconds(),
]);
}
Of course, the `Sleep` class offers a variety of other assertions you may use
when testing:
1use Carbon\CarbonInterval as Duration;
2use Illuminate\Support\Sleep;
3 
4// Assert that sleep was called 3 times...
5Sleep::assertSleptTimes(3);
6 
7// Assert against the duration of sleep...
8Sleep::assertSlept(function (Duration $duration): bool {
9 return /* ... */;
10}, times: 1);
11 
12// Assert that the Sleep class was never invoked...
13Sleep::assertNeverSlept();
14 
15// Assert that, even if Sleep was called, no execution paused occurred...
16Sleep::assertInsomniac();
use Carbon\CarbonInterval as Duration;
use Illuminate\Support\Sleep;
// Assert that sleep was called 3 times...
Sleep::assertSleptTimes(3);
// Assert against the duration of sleep...
Sleep::assertSlept(function (Duration $duration): bool {
return /* ... */;
}, times: 1);
// Assert that the Sleep class was never invoked...
Sleep::assertNeverSlept();
// Assert that, even if Sleep was called, no execution paused occurred...
Sleep::assertInsomniac();
Sometimes it may be useful to perform an action whenever a fake sleep occurs.
To achieve this, you may provide a callback to the `whenFakingSleep` method.
In the following example, we use Laravel's [time manipulation
helpers](/docs/12.x/mocking#interacting-with-time) to instantly progress time
by the duration of each sleep:
1use Carbon\CarbonInterval as Duration;
2 
3$this->freezeTime();
4 
5Sleep::fake();
6 
7Sleep::whenFakingSleep(function (Duration $duration) {
8 // Progress time when faking sleep...
9 $this->travel($duration->totalMilliseconds)->milliseconds();
10});
use Carbon\CarbonInterval as Duration;
$this->freezeTime();
Sleep::fake();
Sleep::whenFakingSleep(function (Duration $duration) {
// Progress time when faking sleep...
$this->travel($duration->totalMilliseconds)->milliseconds();
});
As progressing time is a common requirement, the `fake` method accepts a
`syncWithCarbon` argument to keep Carbon in sync when sleeping within a test:
1Sleep::fake(syncWithCarbon: true);
2 
3$start = now();
4 
5Sleep::for(1)->second();
6 
7$start->diffForHumans(); // 1 second ago
Sleep::fake(syncWithCarbon: true);
$start = now();
Sleep::for(1)->second();
$start->diffForHumans(); // 1 second ago
Laravel uses the `Sleep` class internally whenever it is pausing execution.
For example, the retry helper uses the `Sleep` class when sleeping, allowing
for improved testability when using that helper.
### Timebox
Laravel's `Timebox` class ensures that the given callback always takes a fixed
amount of time to execute, even if its actual execution completes sooner. This
is particularly useful for cryptographic operations and user authentication
checks, where attackers might exploit variations in execution time to infer
sensitive information.
If the execution exceeds the fixed duration, `Timebox` has no effect. It is up
to the developer to choose a sufficiently long time as the fixed duration to
account for worst-case scenarios.
The call method accepts a closure and a time limit in microseconds, and then
executes the closure and waits until the time limit is reached:
1use Illuminate\Support\Timebox;
2 
3(new Timebox)->call(function ($timebox) {
4 // ...
5}, microseconds: 10000);
use Illuminate\Support\Timebox;
(new Timebox)->call(function ($timebox) {
// ...
}, microseconds: 10000);
If an exception is thrown within the closure, this class will respect the
defined delay and re-throw the exception after the delay.
### URI
Laravel's `Uri` class provides a convenient and fluent interface for creating
and manipulating URIs. This class wraps the functionality provided by the
underlying League URI package and integrates seamlessly with Laravel's routing
system.
You can create a `Uri` instance easily using static methods:
1use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
2use App\Http\Controllers\InvokableController;
3use Illuminate\Support\Uri;
4 
5// Generate a URI instance from the given string...
6$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com/path');
7 
8// Generate URI instances to paths, named routes, or controller actions...
9$uri = Uri::to('/dashboard');
10$uri = Uri::route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
11$uri = Uri::signedRoute('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
12$uri = Uri::temporarySignedRoute('user.index', now()->addMinutes(5));
13$uri = Uri::action([UserController::class, 'index']);
14$uri = Uri::action(InvokableController::class);
15 
16// Generate a URI instance from the current request URL...
17$uri = $request->uri();
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use App\Http\Controllers\InvokableController;
use Illuminate\Support\Uri;
// Generate a URI instance from the given string...
$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com/path');
// Generate URI instances to paths, named routes, or controller actions...
$uri = Uri::to('/dashboard');
$uri = Uri::route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
$uri = Uri::signedRoute('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
$uri = Uri::temporarySignedRoute('user.index', now()->addMinutes(5));
$uri = Uri::action([UserController::class, 'index']);
$uri = Uri::action(InvokableController::class);
// Generate a URI instance from the current request URL...
$uri = $request->uri();
Once you have a URI instance, you can fluently modify it:
1$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com')
2 ->withScheme('http')
3 ->withHost('test.com')
4 ->withPort(8000)
5 ->withPath('/users')
6 ->withQuery(['page' => 2])
7 ->withFragment('section-1');
$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com')
->withScheme('http')
->withHost('test.com')
->withPort(8000)
->withPath('/users')
->withQuery(['page' => 2])
->withFragment('section-1');
#### Inspecting URIs
The `Uri` class also allows you to easily inspect the various components of
the underlying URI:
1$scheme = $uri->scheme();
2$host = $uri->host();
3$port = $uri->port();
4$path = $uri->path();
5$segments = $uri->pathSegments();
6$query = $uri->query();
7$fragment = $uri->fragment();
$scheme = $uri->scheme();
$host = $uri->host();
$port = $uri->port();
$path = $uri->path();
$segments = $uri->pathSegments();
$query = $uri->query();
$fragment = $uri->fragment();
#### Manipulating Query Strings
The `Uri` class offers several methods that may be used to manipulate a URI's
query string. The `withQuery` method may be used to merge additional query
string parameters into the existing query string:
1$uri = $uri->withQuery(['sort' => 'name']);
$uri = $uri->withQuery(['sort' => 'name']);
The `withQueryIfMissing` method may be used to merge additional query string
parameters into the existing query string if the given keys do not already
exist in the query string:
1$uri = $uri->withQueryIfMissing(['page' => 1]);
$uri = $uri->withQueryIfMissing(['page' => 1]);
The `replaceQuery` method may be used to complete replace the existing query
string with a new one:
1$uri = $uri->replaceQuery(['page' => 1]);
$uri = $uri->replaceQuery(['page' => 1]);
The `pushOntoQuery` method may be used to push additional parameters onto a
query string parameter that has an array value:
1$uri = $uri->pushOntoQuery('filter', ['active', 'pending']);
$uri = $uri->pushOntoQuery('filter', ['active', 'pending']);
The `withoutQuery` method may be used to remove parameters from the query
string:
1$uri = $uri->withoutQuery(['page']);
$uri = $uri->withoutQuery(['page']);
#### Generating Responses From URIs
The `redirect` method may be used to generate a `RedirectResponse` instance to
the given URI:
1$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com');
2 
3return $uri->redirect();
$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com');
return $uri->redirect();
Or, you may simply return the `Uri` instance from a route or controller
action, which will automatically generate a redirect response to the returned
URI:
1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
2use Illuminate\Support\Uri;
3 
4Route::get('/redirect', function () {
5 return Uri::to('/index')
6 ->withQuery(['sort' => 'name']);
7});
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use Illuminate\Support\Uri;
Route::get('/redirect', function () {
return Uri::to('/index')
->withQuery(['sort' => 'name']);
});
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