# File Storage

  * Introduction
  * Configuration
    * The Local Driver
    * The Public Disk
    * Driver Prerequisites
    * Scoped and Read-Only Filesystems
    * Amazon S3 Compatible Filesystems
  * Obtaining Disk Instances
    * On-Demand Disks
  * Retrieving Files
    * Downloading Files
    * File URLs
    * Temporary URLs
    * File Metadata
  * Storing Files
    * Prepending and Appending To Files
    * Copying and Moving Files
    * Automatic Streaming
    * File Uploads
    * File Visibility
  * Deleting Files
  * Directories
  * Testing
  * Custom Filesystems

## Introduction

Laravel provides a powerful filesystem abstraction thanks to the wonderful
[Flysystem](https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem) PHP package by Frank de
Jonge. The Laravel Flysystem integration provides simple drivers for working
with local filesystems, SFTP, and Amazon S3. Even better, it's amazingly
simple to switch between these storage options between your local development
machine and production server as the API remains the same for each system.

## Configuration

Laravel's filesystem configuration file is located at
`config/filesystems.php`. Within this file, you may configure all of your
filesystem "disks". Each disk represents a particular storage driver and
storage location. Example configurations for each supported driver are
included in the configuration file so you can modify the configuration to
reflect your storage preferences and credentials.

The `local` driver interacts with files stored locally on the server running
the Laravel application, while the `sftp` storage driver is used for SSH key-
based FTP. The `s3` driver is used to write to Amazon's S3 cloud storage
service.

You may configure as many disks as you like and may even have multiple disks
that use the same driver.

### The Local Driver

When using the `local` driver, all file operations are relative to the `root`
directory defined in your `filesystems` configuration file. By default, this
value is set to the `storage/app/private` directory. Therefore, the following
method would write to `storage/app/private/example.txt`:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::disk('local')->put('example.txt', 'Contents');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    Storage::disk('local')->put('example.txt', 'Contents');

### The Public Disk

The `public` disk included in your application's `filesystems` configuration
file is intended for files that are going to be publicly accessible. By
default, the `public` disk uses the `local` driver and stores its files in
`storage/app/public`.

If your `public` disk uses the `local` driver and you want to make these files
accessible from the web, you should create a symbolic link from source
directory `storage/app/public` to target directory `public/storage`:

To create the symbolic link, you may use the `storage:link` Artisan command:

    
    
    1php artisan storage:link
    
    
    php artisan storage:link

Once a file has been stored and the symbolic link has been created, you can
create a URL to the files using the `asset` helper:

    
    
    1echo asset('storage/file.txt');
    
    
    echo asset('storage/file.txt');

You may configure additional symbolic links in your `filesystems`
configuration file. Each of the configured links will be created when you run
the `storage:link` command:

    
    
    1'links' => [
    
    2    public_path('storage') => storage_path('app/public'),
    
    3    public_path('images') => storage_path('app/images'),
    
    4],
    
    
    'links' => [
        public_path('storage') => storage_path('app/public'),
        public_path('images') => storage_path('app/images'),
    ],

The `storage:unlink` command may be used to destroy your configured symbolic
links:

    
    
    1php artisan storage:unlink
    
    
    php artisan storage:unlink

### Driver Prerequisites

#### S3 Driver Configuration

Before using the S3 driver, you will need to install the Flysystem S3 package
via the Composer package manager:

    
    
    1composer require league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 "^3.0" --with-all-dependencies
    
    
    composer require league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 "^3.0" --with-all-dependencies

An S3 disk configuration array is located in your `config/filesystems.php`
configuration file. Typically, you should configure your S3 information and
credentials using the following environment variables which are referenced by
the `config/filesystems.php` configuration file:

    
    
    1AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<your-key-id>
    
    2AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<your-secret-access-key>
    
    3AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
    
    4AWS_BUCKET=<your-bucket-name>
    
    5AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT=false
    
    
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<your-key-id>
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<your-secret-access-key>
    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
    AWS_BUCKET=<your-bucket-name>
    AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT=false

For convenience, these environment variables match the naming convention used
by the AWS CLI.

#### FTP Driver Configuration

Before using the FTP driver, you will need to install the Flysystem FTP
package via the Composer package manager:

    
    
    1composer require league/flysystem-ftp "^3.0"
    
    
    composer require league/flysystem-ftp "^3.0"

Laravel's Flysystem integrations work great with FTP; however, a sample
configuration is not included with the framework's default
`config/filesystems.php` configuration file. If you need to configure an FTP
filesystem, you may use the configuration example below:

    
    
     1'ftp' => [
    
     2    'driver' => 'ftp',
    
     3    'host' => env('FTP_HOST'),
    
     4    'username' => env('FTP_USERNAME'),
    
     5    'password' => env('FTP_PASSWORD'),
    
     6 
    
     7    // Optional FTP Settings...
    
     8    // 'port' => env('FTP_PORT', 21),
    
     9    // 'root' => env('FTP_ROOT'),
    
    10    // 'passive' => true,
    
    11    // 'ssl' => true,
    
    12    // 'timeout' => 30,
    
    13],
    
    
    'ftp' => [
        'driver' => 'ftp',
        'host' => env('FTP_HOST'),
        'username' => env('FTP_USERNAME'),
        'password' => env('FTP_PASSWORD'),
    
        // Optional FTP Settings...
        // 'port' => env('FTP_PORT', 21),
        // 'root' => env('FTP_ROOT'),
        // 'passive' => true,
        // 'ssl' => true,
        // 'timeout' => 30,
    ],

#### SFTP Driver Configuration

Before using the SFTP driver, you will need to install the Flysystem SFTP
package via the Composer package manager:

    
    
    1composer require league/flysystem-sftp-v3 "^3.0"
    
    
    composer require league/flysystem-sftp-v3 "^3.0"

Laravel's Flysystem integrations work great with SFTP; however, a sample
configuration is not included with the framework's default
`config/filesystems.php` configuration file. If you need to configure an SFTP
filesystem, you may use the configuration example below:

    
    
     1'sftp' => [
    
     2    'driver' => 'sftp',
    
     3    'host' => env('SFTP_HOST'),
    
     4 
    
     5    // Settings for basic authentication...
    
     6    'username' => env('SFTP_USERNAME'),
    
     7    'password' => env('SFTP_PASSWORD'),
    
     8 
    
     9    // Settings for SSH key-based authentication with encryption password...
    
    10    'privateKey' => env('SFTP_PRIVATE_KEY'),
    
    11    'passphrase' => env('SFTP_PASSPHRASE'),
    
    12 
    
    13    // Settings for file / directory permissions...
    
    14    'visibility' => 'private', // `private` = 0600, `public` = 0644
    
    15    'directory_visibility' => 'private', // `private` = 0700, `public` = 0755
    
    16 
    
    17    // Optional SFTP Settings...
    
    18    // 'hostFingerprint' => env('SFTP_HOST_FINGERPRINT'),
    
    19    // 'maxTries' => 4,
    
    20    // 'passphrase' => env('SFTP_PASSPHRASE'),
    
    21    // 'port' => env('SFTP_PORT', 22),
    
    22    // 'root' => env('SFTP_ROOT', ''),
    
    23    // 'timeout' => 30,
    
    24    // 'useAgent' => true,
    
    25],
    
    
    'sftp' => [
        'driver' => 'sftp',
        'host' => env('SFTP_HOST'),
    
        // Settings for basic authentication...
        'username' => env('SFTP_USERNAME'),
        'password' => env('SFTP_PASSWORD'),
    
        // Settings for SSH key-based authentication with encryption password...
        'privateKey' => env('SFTP_PRIVATE_KEY'),
        'passphrase' => env('SFTP_PASSPHRASE'),
    
        // Settings for file / directory permissions...
        'visibility' => 'private', // `private` = 0600, `public` = 0644
        'directory_visibility' => 'private', // `private` = 0700, `public` = 0755
    
        // Optional SFTP Settings...
        // 'hostFingerprint' => env('SFTP_HOST_FINGERPRINT'),
        // 'maxTries' => 4,
        // 'passphrase' => env('SFTP_PASSPHRASE'),
        // 'port' => env('SFTP_PORT', 22),
        // 'root' => env('SFTP_ROOT', ''),
        // 'timeout' => 30,
        // 'useAgent' => true,
    ],

### Scoped and Read-Only Filesystems

Scoped disks allow you to define a filesystem where all paths are
automatically prefixed with a given path prefix. Before creating a scoped
filesystem disk, you will need to install an additional Flysystem package via
the Composer package manager:

    
    
    1composer require league/flysystem-path-prefixing "^3.0"
    
    
    composer require league/flysystem-path-prefixing "^3.0"

You may create a path scoped instance of any existing filesystem disk by
defining a disk that utilizes the `scoped` driver. For example, you may create
a disk which scopes your existing `s3` disk to a specific path prefix, and
then every file operation using your scoped disk will utilize the specified
prefix:

    
    
    1's3-videos' => [
    
    2    'driver' => 'scoped',
    
    3    'disk' => 's3',
    
    4    'prefix' => 'path/to/videos',
    
    5],
    
    
    's3-videos' => [
        'driver' => 'scoped',
        'disk' => 's3',
        'prefix' => 'path/to/videos',
    ],

"Read-only" disks allow you to create filesystem disks that do not allow write
operations. Before using the `read-only` configuration option, you will need
to install an additional Flysystem package via the Composer package manager:

    
    
    1composer require league/flysystem-read-only "^3.0"
    
    
    composer require league/flysystem-read-only "^3.0"

Next, you may include the `read-only` configuration option in one or more of
your disk's configuration arrays:

    
    
    1's3-videos' => [
    
    2    'driver' => 's3',
    
    3    // ...
    
    4    'read-only' => true,
    
    5],
    
    
    's3-videos' => [
        'driver' => 's3',
        // ...
        'read-only' => true,
    ],

### Amazon S3 Compatible Filesystems

By default, your application's `filesystems` configuration file contains a
disk configuration for the `s3` disk. In addition to using this disk to
interact with [Amazon S3](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/), you may use it to
interact with any S3-compatible file storage service such as
[MinIO](https://github.com/minio/minio), [DigitalOcean
Spaces](https://www.digitalocean.com/products/spaces/), [Vultr Object
Storage](https://www.vultr.com/products/object-storage/), [Cloudflare
R2](https://www.cloudflare.com/developer-platform/products/r2/), or [Hetzner
Cloud Storage](https://www.hetzner.com/storage/object-storage/).

Typically, after updating the disk's credentials to match the credentials of
the service you are planning to use, you only need to update the value of the
`endpoint` configuration option. This option's value is typically defined via
the `AWS_ENDPOINT` environment variable:

    
    
    1'endpoint' => env('AWS_ENDPOINT', 'https://minio:9000'),
    
    
    'endpoint' => env('AWS_ENDPOINT', 'https://minio:9000'),

#### MinIO

In order for Laravel's Flysystem integration to generate proper URLs when
using MinIO, you should define the `AWS_URL` environment variable so that it
matches your application's local URL and includes the bucket name in the URL
path:

    
    
    1AWS_URL=http://localhost:9000/local
    
    
    AWS_URL=http://localhost:9000/local

Generating temporary storage URLs via the `temporaryUrl` method may not work
when using MinIO if the `endpoint` is not accessible by the client.

## Obtaining Disk Instances

The `Storage` facade may be used to interact with any of your configured
disks. For example, you may use the `put` method on the facade to store an
avatar on the default disk. If you call methods on the `Storage` facade
without first calling the `disk` method, the method will automatically be
passed to the default disk:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::put('avatars/1', $content);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    Storage::put('avatars/1', $content);

If your application interacts with multiple disks, you may use the `disk`
method on the `Storage` facade to work with files on a particular disk:

    
    
    1Storage::disk('s3')->put('avatars/1', $content);
    
    
    Storage::disk('s3')->put('avatars/1', $content);

### On-Demand Disks

Sometimes you may wish to create a disk at runtime using a given configuration
without that configuration actually being present in your application's
`filesystems` configuration file. To accomplish this, you may pass a
configuration array to the `Storage` facade's `build` method:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3$disk = Storage::build([
    
    4    'driver' => 'local',
    
    5    'root' => '/path/to/root',
    
    6]);
    
    7 
    
    8$disk->put('image.jpg', $content);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    $disk = Storage::build([
        'driver' => 'local',
        'root' => '/path/to/root',
    ]);
    
    $disk->put('image.jpg', $content);

## Retrieving Files

The `get` method may be used to retrieve the contents of a file. The raw
string contents of the file will be returned by the method. Remember, all file
paths should be specified relative to the disk's "root" location:

    
    
    1$contents = Storage::get('file.jpg');
    
    
    $contents = Storage::get('file.jpg');

If the file you are retrieving contains JSON, you may use the `json` method to
retrieve the file and decode its contents:

    
    
    1$orders = Storage::json('orders.json');
    
    
    $orders = Storage::json('orders.json');

The `exists` method may be used to determine if a file exists on the disk:

    
    
    1if (Storage::disk('s3')->exists('file.jpg')) {
    
    2    // ...
    
    3}
    
    
    if (Storage::disk('s3')->exists('file.jpg')) {
        // ...
    }

The `missing` method may be used to determine if a file is missing from the
disk:

    
    
    1if (Storage::disk('s3')->missing('file.jpg')) {
    
    2    // ...
    
    3}
    
    
    if (Storage::disk('s3')->missing('file.jpg')) {
        // ...
    }

### Downloading Files

The `download` method may be used to generate a response that forces the
user's browser to download the file at the given path. The `download` method
accepts a filename as the second argument to the method, which will determine
the filename that is seen by the user downloading the file. Finally, you may
pass an array of HTTP headers as the third argument to the method:

    
    
    1return Storage::download('file.jpg');
    
    2 
    
    3return Storage::download('file.jpg', $name, $headers);
    
    
    return Storage::download('file.jpg');
    
    return Storage::download('file.jpg', $name, $headers);

### File URLs

You may use the `url` method to get the URL for a given file. If you are using
the `local` driver, this will typically just prepend `/storage` to the given
path and return a relative URL to the file. If you are using the `s3` driver,
the fully qualified remote URL will be returned:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3$url = Storage::url('file.jpg');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    $url = Storage::url('file.jpg');

When using the `local` driver, all files that should be publicly accessible
should be placed in the `storage/app/public` directory. Furthermore, you
should create a symbolic link at `public/storage` which points to the
`storage/app/public` directory.

When using the `local` driver, the return value of `url` is not URL encoded.
For this reason, we recommend always storing your files using names that will
create valid URLs.

#### URL Host Customization

If you would like to modify the host for URLs generated using the `Storage`
facade, you may add or change the `url` option in the disk's configuration
array:

    
    
    1'public' => [
    
    2    'driver' => 'local',
    
    3    'root' => storage_path('app/public'),
    
    4    'url' => env('APP_URL').'/storage',
    
    5    'visibility' => 'public',
    
    6    'throw' => false,
    
    7],
    
    
    'public' => [
        'driver' => 'local',
        'root' => storage_path('app/public'),
        'url' => env('APP_URL').'/storage',
        'visibility' => 'public',
        'throw' => false,
    ],

### Temporary URLs

Using the `temporaryUrl` method, you may create temporary URLs to files stored
using the `local` and `s3` drivers. This method accepts a path and a
`DateTime` instance specifying when the URL should expire:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3$url = Storage::temporaryUrl(
    
    4    'file.jpg', now()->addMinutes(5)
    
    5);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    $url = Storage::temporaryUrl(
        'file.jpg', now()->addMinutes(5)
    );

#### Enabling Local Temporary URLs

If you started developing your application before support for temporary URLs
was introduced to the `local` driver, you may need to enable local temporary
URLs. To do so, add the `serve` option to your `local` disk's configuration
array within the `config/filesystems.php` configuration file:

    
    
    1'local' => [
    
    2    'driver' => 'local',
    
    3    'root' => storage_path('app/private'),
    
    4    'serve' => true, 
    
    5    'throw' => false,
    
    6],
    
    
    'local' => [
        'driver' => 'local',
        'root' => storage_path('app/private'),
        'serve' => true,
        'throw' => false,
    ],

#### S3 Request Parameters

If you need to specify additional [S3 request
parameters](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectGET.html#RESTObjectGET-
requests), you may pass the array of request parameters as the third argument
to the `temporaryUrl` method:

    
    
    1$url = Storage::temporaryUrl(
    
    2    'file.jpg',
    
    3    now()->addMinutes(5),
    
    4    [
    
    5        'ResponseContentType' => 'application/octet-stream',
    
    6        'ResponseContentDisposition' => 'attachment; filename=file2.jpg',
    
    7    ]
    
    8);
    
    
    $url = Storage::temporaryUrl(
        'file.jpg',
        now()->addMinutes(5),
        [
            'ResponseContentType' => 'application/octet-stream',
            'ResponseContentDisposition' => 'attachment; filename=file2.jpg',
        ]
    );

#### Customizing Temporary URLs

If you need to customize how temporary URLs are created for a specific storage
disk, you can use the `buildTemporaryUrlsUsing` method. For example, this can
be useful if you have a controller that allows you to download files stored
via a disk that doesn't typically support temporary URLs. Usually, this method
should be called from the `boot` method of a service provider:

    
    
     1<?php
    
     2 
    
     3namespace App\Providers;
    
     4 
    
     5use DateTime;
    
     6use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
     7use Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL;
    
     8use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
    
     9 
    
    10class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    
    11{
    
    12    /**
    
    13     * Bootstrap any application services.
    
    14     */
    
    15    public function boot(): void
    
    16    {
    
    17        Storage::disk('local')->buildTemporaryUrlsUsing(
    
    18            function (string $path, DateTime $expiration, array $options) {
    
    19                return URL::temporarySignedRoute(
    
    20                    'files.download',
    
    21                    $expiration,
    
    22                    array_merge($options, ['path' => $path])
    
    23                );
    
    24            }
    
    25        );
    
    26    }
    
    27}
    
    
    <?php
    
    namespace App\Providers;
    
    use DateTime;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL;
    use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
    
    class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
         * Bootstrap any application services.
         */
        public function boot(): void
        {
            Storage::disk('local')->buildTemporaryUrlsUsing(
                function (string $path, DateTime $expiration, array $options) {
                    return URL::temporarySignedRoute(
                        'files.download',
                        $expiration,
                        array_merge($options, ['path' => $path])
                    );
                }
            );
        }
    }

#### Temporary Upload URLs

The ability to generate temporary upload URLs is only supported by the `s3`
driver.

If you need to generate a temporary URL that can be used to upload a file
directly from your client-side application, you may use the
`temporaryUploadUrl` method. This method accepts a path and a `DateTime`
instance specifying when the URL should expire. The `temporaryUploadUrl`
method returns an associative array which may be destructured into the upload
URL and the headers that should be included with the upload request:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3['url' => $url, 'headers' => $headers] = Storage::temporaryUploadUrl(
    
    4    'file.jpg', now()->addMinutes(5)
    
    5);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    ['url' => $url, 'headers' => $headers] = Storage::temporaryUploadUrl(
        'file.jpg', now()->addMinutes(5)
    );

This method is primarily useful in serverless environments that require the
client-side application to directly upload files to a cloud storage system
such as Amazon S3.

### File Metadata

In addition to reading and writing files, Laravel can also provide information
about the files themselves. For example, the `size` method may be used to get
the size of a file in bytes:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3$size = Storage::size('file.jpg');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    $size = Storage::size('file.jpg');

The `lastModified` method returns the UNIX timestamp of the last time the file
was modified:

    
    
    1$time = Storage::lastModified('file.jpg');
    
    
    $time = Storage::lastModified('file.jpg');

The MIME type of a given file may be obtained via the `mimeType` method:

    
    
    1$mime = Storage::mimeType('file.jpg');
    
    
    $mime = Storage::mimeType('file.jpg');

#### File Paths

You may use the `path` method to get the path for a given file. If you are
using the `local` driver, this will return the absolute path to the file. If
you are using the `s3` driver, this method will return the relative path to
the file in the S3 bucket:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3$path = Storage::path('file.jpg');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    $path = Storage::path('file.jpg');

## Storing Files

The `put` method may be used to store file contents on a disk. You may also
pass a PHP `resource` to the `put` method, which will use Flysystem's
underlying stream support. Remember, all file paths should be specified
relative to the "root" location configured for the disk:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents);
    
    4 
    
    5Storage::put('file.jpg', $resource);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents);
    
    Storage::put('file.jpg', $resource);

#### Failed Writes

If the `put` method (or other "write" operations) is unable to write the file
to disk, `false` will be returned:

    
    
    1if (! Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents)) {
    
    2    // The file could not be written to disk...
    
    3}
    
    
    if (! Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents)) {
        // The file could not be written to disk...
    }

If you wish, you may define the `throw` option within your filesystem disk's
configuration array. When this option is defined as `true`, "write" methods
such as `put` will throw an instance of `League\Flysystem\UnableToWriteFile`
when write operations fail:

    
    
    1'public' => [
    
    2    'driver' => 'local',
    
    3    // ...
    
    4    'throw' => true,
    
    5],
    
    
    'public' => [
        'driver' => 'local',
        // ...
        'throw' => true,
    ],

### Prepending and Appending To Files

The `prepend` and `append` methods allow you to write to the beginning or end
of a file:

    
    
    1Storage::prepend('file.log', 'Prepended Text');
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::append('file.log', 'Appended Text');
    
    
    Storage::prepend('file.log', 'Prepended Text');
    
    Storage::append('file.log', 'Appended Text');

### Copying and Moving Files

The `copy` method may be used to copy an existing file to a new location on
the disk, while the `move` method may be used to rename or move an existing
file to a new location:

    
    
    1Storage::copy('old/file.jpg', 'new/file.jpg');
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::move('old/file.jpg', 'new/file.jpg');
    
    
    Storage::copy('old/file.jpg', 'new/file.jpg');
    
    Storage::move('old/file.jpg', 'new/file.jpg');

### Automatic Streaming

Streaming files to storage offers significantly reduced memory usage. If you
would like Laravel to automatically manage streaming a given file to your
storage location, you may use the `putFile` or `putFileAs` method. This method
accepts either an `Illuminate\Http\File` or `Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile`
instance and will automatically stream the file to your desired location:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Http\File;
    
    2use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    3 
    
    4// Automatically generate a unique ID for filename...
    
    5$path = Storage::putFile('photos', new File('/path/to/photo'));
    
    6 
    
    7// Manually specify a filename...
    
    8$path = Storage::putFileAs('photos', new File('/path/to/photo'), 'photo.jpg');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Http\File;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    // Automatically generate a unique ID for filename...
    $path = Storage::putFile('photos', new File('/path/to/photo'));
    
    // Manually specify a filename...
    $path = Storage::putFileAs('photos', new File('/path/to/photo'), 'photo.jpg');

There are a few important things to note about the `putFile` method. Note that
we only specified a directory name and not a filename. By default, the
`putFile` method will generate a unique ID to serve as the filename. The
file's extension will be determined by examining the file's MIME type. The
path to the file will be returned by the `putFile` method so you can store the
path, including the generated filename, in your database.

The `putFile` and `putFileAs` methods also accept an argument to specify the
"visibility" of the stored file. This is particularly useful if you are
storing the file on a cloud disk such as Amazon S3 and would like the file to
be publicly accessible via generated URLs:

    
    
    1Storage::putFile('photos', new File('/path/to/photo'), 'public');
    
    
    Storage::putFile('photos', new File('/path/to/photo'), 'public');

### File Uploads

In web applications, one of the most common use-cases for storing files is
storing user uploaded files such as photos and documents. Laravel makes it
very easy to store uploaded files using the `store` method on an uploaded file
instance. Call the `store` method with the path at which you wish to store the
uploaded file:

    
    
     1<?php
    
     2 
    
     3namespace App\Http\Controllers;
    
     4 
    
     5use Illuminate\Http\Request;
    
     6 
    
     7class UserAvatarController extends Controller
    
     8{
    
     9    /**
    
    10     * Update the avatar for the user.
    
    11     */
    
    12    public function update(Request $request): string
    
    13    {
    
    14        $path = $request->file('avatar')->store('avatars');
    
    15 
    
    16        return $path;
    
    17    }
    
    18}
    
    
    <?php
    
    namespace App\Http\Controllers;
    
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;
    
    class UserAvatarController extends Controller
    {
        /**
         * Update the avatar for the user.
         */
        public function update(Request $request): string
        {
            $path = $request->file('avatar')->store('avatars');
    
            return $path;
        }
    }

There are a few important things to note about this example. Note that we only
specified a directory name, not a filename. By default, the `store` method
will generate a unique ID to serve as the filename. The file's extension will
be determined by examining the file's MIME type. The path to the file will be
returned by the `store` method so you can store the path, including the
generated filename, in your database.

You may also call the `putFile` method on the `Storage` facade to perform the
same file storage operation as the example above:

    
    
    1$path = Storage::putFile('avatars', $request->file('avatar'));
    
    
    $path = Storage::putFile('avatars', $request->file('avatar'));

#### Specifying a File Name

If you do not want a filename to be automatically assigned to your stored
file, you may use the `storeAs` method, which receives the path, the filename,
and the (optional) disk as its arguments:

    
    
    1$path = $request->file('avatar')->storeAs(
    
    2    'avatars', $request->user()->id
    
    3);
    
    
    $path = $request->file('avatar')->storeAs(
        'avatars', $request->user()->id
    );

You may also use the `putFileAs` method on the `Storage` facade, which will
perform the same file storage operation as the example above:

    
    
    1$path = Storage::putFileAs(
    
    2    'avatars', $request->file('avatar'), $request->user()->id
    
    3);
    
    
    $path = Storage::putFileAs(
        'avatars', $request->file('avatar'), $request->user()->id
    );

Unprintable and invalid unicode characters will automatically be removed from
file paths. Therefore, you may wish to sanitize your file paths before passing
them to Laravel's file storage methods. File paths are normalized using the
`League\Flysystem\WhitespacePathNormalizer::normalizePath` method.

#### Specifying a Disk

By default, this uploaded file's `store` method will use your default disk. If
you would like to specify another disk, pass the disk name as the second
argument to the `store` method:

    
    
    1$path = $request->file('avatar')->store(
    
    2    'avatars/'.$request->user()->id, 's3'
    
    3);
    
    
    $path = $request->file('avatar')->store(
        'avatars/'.$request->user()->id, 's3'
    );

If you are using the `storeAs` method, you may pass the disk name as the third
argument to the method:

    
    
    1$path = $request->file('avatar')->storeAs(
    
    2    'avatars',
    
    3    $request->user()->id,
    
    4    's3'
    
    5);
    
    
    $path = $request->file('avatar')->storeAs(
        'avatars',
        $request->user()->id,
        's3'
    );

#### Other Uploaded File Information

If you would like to get the original name and extension of the uploaded file,
you may do so using the `getClientOriginalName` and
`getClientOriginalExtension` methods:

    
    
    1$file = $request->file('avatar');
    
    2 
    
    3$name = $file->getClientOriginalName();
    
    4$extension = $file->getClientOriginalExtension();
    
    
    $file = $request->file('avatar');
    
    $name = $file->getClientOriginalName();
    $extension = $file->getClientOriginalExtension();

However, keep in mind that the `getClientOriginalName` and
`getClientOriginalExtension` methods are considered unsafe, as the file name
and extension may be tampered with by a malicious user. For this reason, you
should typically prefer the `hashName` and `extension` methods to get a name
and an extension for the given file upload:

    
    
    1$file = $request->file('avatar');
    
    2 
    
    3$name = $file->hashName(); // Generate a unique, random name...
    
    4$extension = $file->extension(); // Determine the file's extension based on the file's MIME type...
    
    
    $file = $request->file('avatar');
    
    $name = $file->hashName(); // Generate a unique, random name...
    $extension = $file->extension(); // Determine the file's extension based on the file's MIME type...

### File Visibility

In Laravel's Flysystem integration, "visibility" is an abstraction of file
permissions across multiple platforms. Files may either be declared `public`
or `private`. When a file is declared `public`, you are indicating that the
file should generally be accessible to others. For example, when using the S3
driver, you may retrieve URLs for `public` files.

You can set the visibility when writing the file via the `put` method:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents, 'public');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    Storage::put('file.jpg', $contents, 'public');

If the file has already been stored, its visibility can be retrieved and set
via the `getVisibility` and `setVisibility` methods:

    
    
    1$visibility = Storage::getVisibility('file.jpg');
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::setVisibility('file.jpg', 'public');
    
    
    $visibility = Storage::getVisibility('file.jpg');
    
    Storage::setVisibility('file.jpg', 'public');

When interacting with uploaded files, you may use the `storePublicly` and
`storePubliclyAs` methods to store the uploaded file with `public` visibility:

    
    
    1$path = $request->file('avatar')->storePublicly('avatars', 's3');
    
    2 
    
    3$path = $request->file('avatar')->storePubliclyAs(
    
    4    'avatars',
    
    5    $request->user()->id,
    
    6    's3'
    
    7);
    
    
    $path = $request->file('avatar')->storePublicly('avatars', 's3');
    
    $path = $request->file('avatar')->storePubliclyAs(
        'avatars',
        $request->user()->id,
        's3'
    );

#### Local Files and Visibility

When using the `local` driver, `public` visibility translates to `0755`
permissions for directories and `0644` permissions for files. You can modify
the permissions mappings in your application's `filesystems` configuration
file:

    
    
     1'local' => [
    
     2    'driver' => 'local',
    
     3    'root' => storage_path('app'),
    
     4    'permissions' => [
    
     5        'file' => [
    
     6            'public' => 0644,
    
     7            'private' => 0600,
    
     8        ],
    
     9        'dir' => [
    
    10            'public' => 0755,
    
    11            'private' => 0700,
    
    12        ],
    
    13    ],
    
    14    'throw' => false,
    
    15],
    
    
    'local' => [
        'driver' => 'local',
        'root' => storage_path('app'),
        'permissions' => [
            'file' => [
                'public' => 0644,
                'private' => 0600,
            ],
            'dir' => [
                'public' => 0755,
                'private' => 0700,
            ],
        ],
        'throw' => false,
    ],

## Deleting Files

The `delete` method accepts a single filename or an array of files to delete:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::delete('file.jpg');
    
    4 
    
    5Storage::delete(['file.jpg', 'file2.jpg']);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    Storage::delete('file.jpg');
    
    Storage::delete(['file.jpg', 'file2.jpg']);

If necessary, you may specify the disk that the file should be deleted from:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3Storage::disk('s3')->delete('path/file.jpg');
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    Storage::disk('s3')->delete('path/file.jpg');

## Directories

#### Get All Files Within a Directory

The `files` method returns an array of all files within a given directory. If
you would like to retrieve a list of all files within a given directory
including subdirectories, you may use the `allFiles` method:

    
    
    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    2 
    
    3$files = Storage::files($directory);
    
    4 
    
    5$files = Storage::allFiles($directory);
    
    
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    $files = Storage::files($directory);
    
    $files = Storage::allFiles($directory);

#### Get All Directories Within a Directory

The `directories` method returns an array of all directories within a given
directory. If you would like to retrieve a list of all directories within a
given directory including subdirectories, you may use the `allDirectories`
method:

    
    
    1$directories = Storage::directories($directory);
    
    2 
    
    3$directories = Storage::allDirectories($directory);
    
    
    $directories = Storage::directories($directory);
    
    $directories = Storage::allDirectories($directory);

#### Create a Directory

The `makeDirectory` method will create the given directory, including any
needed subdirectories:

    
    
    1Storage::makeDirectory($directory);
    
    
    Storage::makeDirectory($directory);

#### Delete a Directory

Finally, the `deleteDirectory` method may be used to remove a directory and
all of its files:

    
    
    1Storage::deleteDirectory($directory);
    
    
    Storage::deleteDirectory($directory);

## Testing

The `Storage` facade's `fake` method allows you to easily generate a fake disk
that, combined with the file generation utilities of the
`Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile` class, greatly simplifies the testing of file
uploads. For example:

Pest PHPUnit

    
    
     1<?php
    
     2 
    
     3use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
    
     4use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
     5 
    
     6test('albums can be uploaded', function () {
    
     7    Storage::fake('photos');
    
     8 
    
     9    $response = $this->json('POST', '/photos', [
    
    10        UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo1.jpg'),
    
    11        UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo2.jpg')
    
    12    ]);
    
    13 
    
    14    // Assert one or more files were stored...
    
    15    Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists('photo1.jpg');
    
    16    Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists(['photo1.jpg', 'photo2.jpg']);
    
    17 
    
    18    // Assert one or more files were not stored...
    
    19    Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
    
    20    Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing(['missing.jpg', 'non-existing.jpg']);
    
    21 
    
    22    // Assert that the number of files in a given directory matches the expected count...
    
    23    Storage::disk('photos')->assertCount('/wallpapers', 2);
    
    24 
    
    25    // Assert that a given directory is empty...
    
    26    Storage::disk('photos')->assertDirectoryEmpty('/wallpapers');
    
    27});
    
    
    <?php
    
    use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
    test('albums can be uploaded', function () {
        Storage::fake('photos');
    
        $response = $this->json('POST', '/photos', [
            UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo1.jpg'),
            UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo2.jpg')
        ]);
    
        // Assert one or more files were stored...
        Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists('photo1.jpg');
        Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists(['photo1.jpg', 'photo2.jpg']);
    
        // Assert one or more files were not stored...
        Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
        Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing(['missing.jpg', 'non-existing.jpg']);
    
        // Assert that the number of files in a given directory matches the expected count...
        Storage::disk('photos')->assertCount('/wallpapers', 2);
    
        // Assert that a given directory is empty...
        Storage::disk('photos')->assertDirectoryEmpty('/wallpapers');
    });
    
    
     1<?php
    
     2 
    
     3namespace Tests\Feature;
    
     4 
    
     5use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
    
     6use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
     7use Tests\TestCase;
    
     8 
    
     9class ExampleTest extends TestCase
    
    10{
    
    11    public function test_albums_can_be_uploaded(): void
    
    12    {
    
    13        Storage::fake('photos');
    
    14 
    
    15        $response = $this->json('POST', '/photos', [
    
    16            UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo1.jpg'),
    
    17            UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo2.jpg')
    
    18        ]);
    
    19 
    
    20        // Assert one or more files were stored...
    
    21        Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists('photo1.jpg');
    
    22        Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists(['photo1.jpg', 'photo2.jpg']);
    
    23 
    
    24        // Assert one or more files were not stored...
    
    25        Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
    
    26        Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing(['missing.jpg', 'non-existing.jpg']);
    
    27 
    
    28        // Assert that the number of files in a given directory matches the expected count...
    
    29        Storage::disk('photos')->assertCount('/wallpapers', 2);
    
    30 
    
    31        // Assert that a given directory is empty...
    
    32        Storage::disk('photos')->assertDirectoryEmpty('/wallpapers');
    
    33    }
    
    34}
    
    
    <?php
    
    namespace Tests\Feature;
    
    use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    use Tests\TestCase;
    
    class ExampleTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function test_albums_can_be_uploaded(): void
        {
            Storage::fake('photos');
    
            $response = $this->json('POST', '/photos', [
                UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo1.jpg'),
                UploadedFile::fake()->image('photo2.jpg')
            ]);
    
            // Assert one or more files were stored...
            Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists('photo1.jpg');
            Storage::disk('photos')->assertExists(['photo1.jpg', 'photo2.jpg']);
    
            // Assert one or more files were not stored...
            Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
            Storage::disk('photos')->assertMissing(['missing.jpg', 'non-existing.jpg']);
    
            // Assert that the number of files in a given directory matches the expected count...
            Storage::disk('photos')->assertCount('/wallpapers', 2);
    
            // Assert that a given directory is empty...
            Storage::disk('photos')->assertDirectoryEmpty('/wallpapers');
        }
    }

By default, the `fake` method will delete all files in its temporary
directory. If you would like to keep these files, you may use the
"persistentFake" method instead. For more information on testing file uploads,
you may consult the [HTTP testing documentation's information on file
uploads](/docs/12.x/http-tests#testing-file-uploads).

The `image` method requires the [GD
extension](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.image.php).

## Custom Filesystems

Laravel's Flysystem integration provides support for several "drivers" out of
the box; however, Flysystem is not limited to these and has adapters for many
other storage systems. You can create a custom driver if you want to use one
of these additional adapters in your Laravel application.

In order to define a custom filesystem you will need a Flysystem adapter.
Let's add a community maintained Dropbox adapter to our project:

    
    
    1composer require spatie/flysystem-dropbox
    
    
    composer require spatie/flysystem-dropbox

Next, you can register the driver within the `boot` method of one of your
application's [service providers](/docs/12.x/providers). To accomplish this,
you should use the `extend` method of the `Storage` facade:

    
    
     1<?php
    
     2 
    
     3namespace App\Providers;
    
     4 
    
     5use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
    
     6use Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemAdapter;
    
     7use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    
     8use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
    
     9use League\Flysystem\Filesystem;
    
    10use Spatie\Dropbox\Client as DropboxClient;
    
    11use Spatie\FlysystemDropbox\DropboxAdapter;
    
    12 
    
    13class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    
    14{
    
    15    /**
    
    16     * Register any application services.
    
    17     */
    
    18    public function register(): void
    
    19    {
    
    20        // ...
    
    21    }
    
    22 
    
    23    /**
    
    24     * Bootstrap any application services.
    
    25     */
    
    26    public function boot(): void
    
    27    {
    
    28        Storage::extend('dropbox', function (Application $app, array $config) {
    
    29            $adapter = new DropboxAdapter(new DropboxClient(
    
    30                $config['authorization_token']
    
    31            ));
    
    32 
    
    33            return new FilesystemAdapter(
    
    34                new Filesystem($adapter, $config),
    
    35                $adapter,
    
    36                $config
    
    37            );
    
    38        });
    
    39    }
    
    40}
    
    
    <?php
    
    namespace App\Providers;
    
    use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
    use Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemAdapter;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
    use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
    use League\Flysystem\Filesystem;
    use Spatie\Dropbox\Client as DropboxClient;
    use Spatie\FlysystemDropbox\DropboxAdapter;
    
    class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
         * Register any application services.
         */
        public function register(): void
        {
            // ...
        }
    
        /**
         * Bootstrap any application services.
         */
        public function boot(): void
        {
            Storage::extend('dropbox', function (Application $app, array $config) {
                $adapter = new DropboxAdapter(new DropboxClient(
                    $config['authorization_token']
                ));
    
                return new FilesystemAdapter(
                    new Filesystem($adapter, $config),
                    $adapter,
                    $config
                );
            });
        }
    }

The first argument of the `extend` method is the name of the driver and the
second is a closure that receives the `$app` and `$config` variables. The
closure must return an instance of `Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemAdapter`.
The `$config` variable contains the values defined in `config/filesystems.php`
for the specified disk.

Once you have created and registered the extension's service provider, you may
use the `dropbox` driver in your `config/filesystems.php` configuration file.