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# Laravel Valet
* Introduction
* Installation
* Upgrading Valet
* Serving Sites
* The "Park" Command
* The "Link" Command
* Securing Sites With TLS
* Serving a Default Site
* Per-Site PHP Versions
* Sharing Sites
* Sharing Sites on Your Local Network
* Site Specific Environment Variables
* Proxying Services
* Custom Valet Drivers
* Local Drivers
* Other Valet Commands
* Valet Directories and Files
* Disk Access
## Introduction
Looking for an even easier way to develop Laravel applications on macOS or
Windows? Check out [Laravel Herd](https://herd.laravel.com). Herd includes
everything you need to get started with Laravel development, including Valet,
PHP, and Composer.
[Laravel Valet](https://github.com/laravel/valet) is a development environment
for macOS minimalists. Laravel Valet configures your Mac to always run
[Nginx](https://www.nginx.com/) in the background when your machine starts.
Then, using [DnsMasq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnsmasq), Valet proxies
all requests on the `*.test` domain to point to sites installed on your local
machine.
In other words, Valet is a blazing fast Laravel development environment that
uses roughly 7 MB of RAM. Valet isn't a complete replacement for
[Sail](/docs/12.x/sail) or [Homestead](/docs/12.x/homestead), but provides a
great alternative if you want flexible basics, prefer extreme speed, or are
working on a machine with a limited amount of RAM.
Out of the box, Valet support includes, but is not limited to:
* [Laravel](https://laravel.com)
* [Bedrock](https://roots.io/bedrock/)
* [CakePHP 3](https://cakephp.org)
* [ConcreteCMS](https://www.concretecms.com/)
* [Contao](https://contao.org/en/)
* [Craft](https://craftcms.com)
* [Drupal](https://www.drupal.org/)
* [ExpressionEngine](https://www.expressionengine.com/)
* [Jigsaw](https://jigsaw.tighten.co)
* [Joomla](https://www.joomla.org/)
* [Katana](https://github.com/themsaid/katana)
* [Kirby](https://getkirby.com/)
* [Magento](https://magento.com/)
* [OctoberCMS](https://octobercms.com/)
* [Sculpin](https://sculpin.io/)
* [Slim](https://www.slimframework.com)
* [Statamic](https://statamic.com)
* Static HTML
* [Symfony](https://symfony.com)
* [WordPress](https://wordpress.org)
* [Zend](https://framework.zend.com)
However, you may extend Valet with your own custom drivers.
## Installation
Valet requires macOS and [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/). Before installation,
you should make sure that no other programs such as Apache or Nginx are
binding to your local machine's port 80.
To get started, you first need to ensure that Homebrew is up to date using the
`update` command:
1brew update
brew update
Next, you should use Homebrew to install PHP:
1brew install php
brew install php
After installing PHP, you are ready to install the [Composer package
manager](https://getcomposer.org). In addition, you should make sure the
`$HOME/.composer/vendor/bin` directory is in your system's "PATH". After
Composer has been installed, you may install Laravel Valet as a global
Composer package:
1composer global require laravel/valet
composer global require laravel/valet
Finally, you may execute Valet's `install` command. This will configure and
install Valet and DnsMasq. In addition, the daemons Valet depends on will be
configured to launch when your system starts:
1valet install
valet install
Once Valet is installed, try pinging any `*.test` domain on your terminal
using a command such as `ping foobar.test`. If Valet is installed correctly
you should see this domain responding on `127.0.0.1`.
Valet will automatically start its required services each time your machine
boots.
#### PHP Versions
Instead of modifying your global PHP version, you can instruct Valet to use
per-site PHP versions via the `isolate` command.
Valet allows you to switch PHP versions using the `valet use php@version`
command. Valet will install the specified PHP version via Homebrew if it is
not already installed:
1valet use [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
2 
3valet use php
valet use [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
valet use php
You may also create a `.valetrc` file in the root of your project. The
`.valetrc` file should contain the PHP version the site should use:
1php=php@8.2
[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
Once this file has been created, you may simply execute the `valet use`
command and the command will determine the site's preferred PHP version by
reading the file.
Valet only serves one PHP version at a time, even if you have multiple PHP
versions installed.
#### Database
If your application needs a database, check out [DBngin](https://dbngin.com),
which provides a free, all-in-one database management tool that includes
MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Redis. After DBngin has been installed, you can connect
to your database at `127.0.0.1` using the `root` username and an empty string
for the password.
#### Resetting Your Installation
If you are having trouble getting your Valet installation to run properly,
executing the `composer global require laravel/valet` command followed by
`valet install` will reset your installation and can solve a variety of
problems. In rare cases, it may be necessary to "hard reset" Valet by
executing `valet uninstall --force` followed by `valet install`.
### Upgrading Valet
You may update your Valet installation by executing the `composer global
require laravel/valet` command in your terminal. After upgrading, it is good
practice to run the `valet install` command so Valet can make additional
upgrades to your configuration files if necessary.
#### Upgrading to Valet 4
If you're upgrading from Valet 3 to Valet 4, take the following steps to
properly upgrade your Valet installation:
* If you've added `.valetphprc` files to customize your site's PHP version, rename each `.valetphprc` file to `.valetrc`. Then, prepend `php=` to the existing content of the `.valetrc` file.
* Update any custom drivers to match the namespace, extension, type-hints, and return type-hints of the new driver system. You may consult Valet's [SampleValetDriver](https://github.com/laravel/valet/blob/d7787c025e60abc24a5195dc7d4c5c6f2d984339/cli/stubs/SampleValetDriver.php) as an example.
* If you use PHP 7.1 - 7.4 to serve your sites, make sure you still use Homebrew to install a version of PHP that's 8.0 or higher, as Valet will use this version, even if it's not your primary linked version, to run some of its scripts.
## Serving Sites
Once Valet is installed, you're ready to start serving your Laravel
applications. Valet provides two commands to help you serve your applications:
`park` and `link`.
### The `park` Command
The `park` command registers a directory on your machine that contains your
applications. Once the directory has been "parked" with Valet, all of the
directories within that directory will be accessible in your web browser at
`http://<directory-name>.test`:
1cd ~/Sites
2 
3valet park
cd ~/Sites
valet park
That's all there is to it. Now, any application you create within your
"parked" directory will automatically be served using the `http://<directory-
name>.test` convention. So, if your parked directory contains a directory
named "laravel", the application within that directory will be accessible at
`http://laravel.test`. In addition, Valet automatically allows you to access
the site using wildcard subdomains (`http://foo.laravel.test`).
### The `link` Command
The `link` command can also be used to serve your Laravel applications. This
command is useful if you want to serve a single site in a directory and not
the entire directory:
1cd ~/Sites/laravel
2 
3valet link
cd ~/Sites/laravel
valet link
Once an application has been linked to Valet using the `link` command, you may
access the application using its directory name. So, the site that was linked
in the example above may be accessed at `http://laravel.test`. In addition,
Valet automatically allows you to access the site using wildcard sub-domains
(`http://foo.laravel.test`).
If you would like to serve the application at a different hostname, you may
pass the hostname to the `link` command. For example, you may run the
following command to make an application available at
`http://application.test`:
1cd ~/Sites/laravel
2 
3valet link application
cd ~/Sites/laravel
valet link application
Of course, you may also serve applications on subdomains using the `link`
command:
1valet link api.application
valet link api.application
You may execute the `links` command to display a list of all of your linked
directories:
1valet links
valet links
The `unlink` command may be used to destroy the symbolic link for a site:
1cd ~/Sites/laravel
2 
3valet unlink
cd ~/Sites/laravel
valet unlink
### Securing Sites With TLS
By default, Valet serves sites over HTTP. However, if you would like to serve
a site over encrypted TLS using HTTP/2, you may use the `secure` command. For
example, if your site is being served by Valet on the `laravel.test` domain,
you should run the following command to secure it:
1valet secure laravel
valet secure laravel
To "unsecure" a site and revert back to serving its traffic over plain HTTP,
use the `unsecure` command. Like the `secure` command, this command accepts
the hostname that you wish to unsecure:
1valet unsecure laravel
valet unsecure laravel
### Serving a Default Site
Sometimes, you may wish to configure Valet to serve a "default" site instead
of a `404` when visiting an unknown `test` domain. To accomplish this, you may
add a `default` option to your `~/.config/valet/config.json` configuration
file containing the path to the site that should serve as your default site:
1"default": "/Users/Sally/Sites/example-site",
"default": "/Users/Sally/Sites/example-site",
### Per-Site PHP Versions
By default, Valet uses your global PHP installation to serve your sites.
However, if you need to support multiple PHP versions across various sites,
you may use the `isolate` command to specify which PHP version a particular
site should use. The `isolate` command configures Valet to use the specified
PHP version for the site located in your current working directory:
1cd ~/Sites/example-site
2 
3valet isolate [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
cd ~/Sites/example-site
valet isolate [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
If your site name does not match the name of the directory that contains it,
you may specify the site name using the `--site` option:
1valet isolate [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection) --site="site-name"
valet isolate [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection) --site="site-name"
For convenience, you may use the `valet php`, `composer`, and `which-php`
commands to proxy calls to the appropriate PHP CLI or tool based on the site's
configured PHP version:
1valet php
2valet composer
3valet which-php
valet php
valet composer
valet which-php
You may execute the `isolated` command to display a list of all of your
isolated sites and their PHP versions:
1valet isolated
valet isolated
To revert a site back to Valet's globally installed PHP version, you may
invoke the `unisolate` command from the site's root directory:
1valet unisolate
valet unisolate
## Sharing Sites
Valet includes a command to share your local sites with the world, providing
an easy way to test your site on mobile devices or share it with team members
and clients.
Out of the box, Valet supports sharing your sites via ngrok or Expose. Before
sharing a site, you should update your Valet configuration using the `share-
tool` command, specifying `ngrok`, `expose`, or `cloudflared`:
1valet share-tool ngrok
valet share-tool ngrok
If you choose a tool and don't have it installed via Homebrew (for ngrok and
cloudflared) or Composer (for Expose), Valet will automatically prompt you to
install it. Of course, both tools require you to authenticate your ngrok or
Expose account before you can start sharing sites.
To share a site, navigate to the site's directory in your terminal and run
Valet's `share` command. A publicly accessible URL will be placed into your
clipboard and is ready to paste directly into your browser or to be shared
with your team:
1cd ~/Sites/laravel
2 
3valet share
cd ~/Sites/laravel
valet share
To stop sharing your site, you may press `Control + C`.
If you're using a custom DNS server (like `1.1.1.1`), ngrok sharing may not
work correctly. If this is the case on your machine, open your Mac's system
settings, go to the Network settings, open the Advanced settings, then go the
DNS tab and add `127.0.0.1` as your first DNS server.
#### Sharing Sites via Ngrok
Sharing your site using ngrok requires you to [create an ngrok
account](https://dashboard.ngrok.com/signup) and [set up an authentication
token](https://dashboard.ngrok.com/get-started/your-authtoken). Once you have
an authentication token, you can update your Valet configuration with that
token:
1valet set-ngrok-token YOUR_TOKEN_HERE
valet set-ngrok-token YOUR_TOKEN_HERE
You may pass additional ngrok parameters to the share command, such as `valet
share --region=eu`. For more information, consult the [ngrok
documentation](https://ngrok.com/docs).
#### Sharing Sites via Expose
Sharing your site using Expose requires you to [create an Expose
account](https://expose.dev/register) and [authenticate with Expose via your
authentication token](https://expose.dev/docs/getting-started/getting-your-
token).
You may consult the [Expose documentation](https://expose.dev/docs) for
information regarding the additional command-line parameters it supports.
### Sharing Sites on Your Local Network
Valet restricts incoming traffic to the internal `127.0.0.1` interface by
default so that your development machine isn't exposed to security risks from
the Internet.
If you wish to allow other devices on your local network to access the Valet
sites on your machine via your machine's IP address (eg:
`192.168.1.10/application.test`), you will need to manually edit the
appropriate Nginx configuration file for that site to remove the restriction
on the `listen` directive. You should remove the `127.0.0.1:` prefix on the
`listen` directive for ports 80 and 443.
If you have not run `valet secure` on the project, you can open up network
access for all non-HTTPS sites by editing the
`/usr/local/etc/nginx/valet/valet.conf` file. However, if you're serving the
project site over HTTPS (you have run `valet secure` for the site) then you
should edit the `~/.config/valet/Nginx/app-name.test` file.
Once you have updated your Nginx configuration, run the `valet restart`
command to apply the configuration changes.
## Site Specific Environment Variables
Some applications using other frameworks may depend on server environment
variables but do not provide a way for those variables to be configured within
your project. Valet allows you to configure site specific environment
variables by adding a `.valet-env.php` file within the root of your project.
This file should return an array of site / environment variable pairs which
will be added to the global `$_SERVER` array for each site specified in the
array:
1<?php
2 
3return [
4 // Set $_SERVER['key'] to "value" for the laravel.test site...
5 'laravel' => [
6 'key' => 'value',
7 ],
8 
9 // Set $_SERVER['key'] to "value" for all sites...
10 '*' => [
11 'key' => 'value',
12 ],
13];
<?php
return [
// Set $_SERVER['key'] to "value" for the laravel.test site...
'laravel' => [
'key' => 'value',
],
// Set $_SERVER['key'] to "value" for all sites...
'*' => [
'key' => 'value',
],
];
## Proxying Services
Sometimes you may wish to proxy a Valet domain to another service on your
local machine. For example, you may occasionally need to run Valet while also
running a separate site in Docker; however, Valet and Docker can't both bind
to port 80 at the same time.
To solve this, you may use the `proxy` command to generate a proxy. For
example, you may proxy all traffic from `http://elasticsearch.test` to
`http://127.0.0.1:9200`:
1# Proxy over HTTP...
2valet proxy elasticsearch http://127.0.0.1:9200
3 
4# Proxy over TLS + HTTP/2...
5valet proxy elasticsearch http://127.0.0.1:9200 --secure
# Proxy over HTTP...
valet proxy elasticsearch http://127.0.0.1:9200
# Proxy over TLS + HTTP/2...
valet proxy elasticsearch http://127.0.0.1:9200 --secure
You may remove a proxy using the `unproxy` command:
1valet unproxy elasticsearch
valet unproxy elasticsearch
You may use the `proxies` command to list all site configurations that are
proxied:
1valet proxies
valet proxies
## Custom Valet Drivers
You can write your own Valet "driver" to serve PHP applications running on a
framework or CMS that is not natively supported by Valet. When you install
Valet, a `~/.config/valet/Drivers` directory is created which contains a
`SampleValetDriver.php` file. This file contains a sample driver
implementation to demonstrate how to write a custom driver. Writing a driver
only requires you to implement three methods: `serves`, `isStaticFile`, and
`frontControllerPath`.
All three methods receive the `$sitePath`, `$siteName`, and `$uri` values as
their arguments. The `$sitePath` is the fully qualified path to the site being
served on your machine, such as `/Users/Lisa/Sites/my-project`. The
`$siteName` is the "host" / "site name" portion of the domain (`my-project`).
The `$uri` is the incoming request URI (`/foo/bar`).
Once you have completed your custom Valet driver, place it in the
`~/.config/valet/Drivers` directory using the `FrameworkValetDriver.php`
naming convention. For example, if you are writing a custom valet driver for
WordPress, your filename should be `WordPressValetDriver.php`.
Let's take a look at a sample implementation of each method your custom Valet
driver should implement.
#### The `serves` Method
The `serves` method should return `true` if your driver should handle the
incoming request. Otherwise, the method should return `false`. So, within this
method, you should attempt to determine if the given `$sitePath` contains a
project of the type you are trying to serve.
For example, let's imagine we are writing a `WordPressValetDriver`. Our
`serves` method might look something like this:
1/**
2 * Determine if the driver serves the request.
3 */
4public function serves(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): bool
5{
6 return is_dir($sitePath.'/wp-admin');
7}
/**
* Determine if the driver serves the request.
*/
public function serves(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): bool
{
return is_dir($sitePath.'/wp-admin');
}
#### The `isStaticFile` Method
The `isStaticFile` should determine if the incoming request is for a file that
is "static", such as an image or a stylesheet. If the file is static, the
method should return the fully qualified path to the static file on disk. If
the incoming request is not for a static file, the method should return
`false`:
1/**
2 * Determine if the incoming request is for a static file.
3 *
4 * @return string|false
5 */
6public function isStaticFile(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri)
7{
8 if (file_exists($staticFilePath = $sitePath.'/public/'.$uri)) {
9 return $staticFilePath;
10 }
11 
12 return false;
13}
/**
* Determine if the incoming request is for a static file.
*
* @return string|false
*/
public function isStaticFile(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri)
{
if (file_exists($staticFilePath = $sitePath.'/public/'.$uri)) {
return $staticFilePath;
}
return false;
}
The `isStaticFile` method will only be called if the `serves` method returns
`true` for the incoming request and the request URI is not `/`.
#### The `frontControllerPath` Method
The `frontControllerPath` method should return the fully qualified path to
your application's "front controller", which is typically an "index.php" file
or equivalent:
1/**
2 * Get the fully resolved path to the application's front controller.
3 */
4public function frontControllerPath(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): string
5{
6 return $sitePath.'/public/index.php';
7}
/**
* Get the fully resolved path to the application's front controller.
*/
public function frontControllerPath(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): string
{
return $sitePath.'/public/index.php';
}
### Local Drivers
If you would like to define a custom Valet driver for a single application,
create a `LocalValetDriver.php` file in the application's root directory. Your
custom driver may extend the base `ValetDriver` class or extend an existing
application specific driver such as the `LaravelValetDriver`:
1use Valet\Drivers\LaravelValetDriver;
2 
3class LocalValetDriver extends LaravelValetDriver
4{
5 /**
6 * Determine if the driver serves the request.
7 */
8 public function serves(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): bool
9 {
10 return true;
11 }
12 
13 /**
14 * Get the fully resolved path to the application's front controller.
15 */
16 public function frontControllerPath(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): string
17 {
18 return $sitePath.'/public_html/index.php';
19 }
20}
use Valet\Drivers\LaravelValetDriver;
class LocalValetDriver extends LaravelValetDriver
{
/**
* Determine if the driver serves the request.
*/
public function serves(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): bool
{
return true;
}
/**
* Get the fully resolved path to the application's front controller.
*/
public function frontControllerPath(string $sitePath, string $siteName, string $uri): string
{
return $sitePath.'/public_html/index.php';
}
}
## Other Valet Commands
Command | Description
---|---
`valet list` | Display a list of all Valet commands.
`valet diagnose` | Output diagnostics to aid in debugging Valet.
`valet directory-listing` | Determine directory-listing behavior. Default is "off", which renders a 404 page for directories.
`valet forget` | Run this command from a "parked" directory to remove it from the parked directory list.
`valet log` | View a list of logs which are written by Valet's services.
`valet paths` | View all of your "parked" paths.
`valet restart` | Restart the Valet daemons.
`valet start` | Start the Valet daemons.
`valet stop` | Stop the Valet daemons.
`valet trust` | Add sudoers files for Brew and Valet to allow Valet commands to be run without prompting for your password.
`valet uninstall` | Uninstall Valet: shows instructions for manual uninstall. Pass the `--force` option to aggressively delete all of Valet's resources.
## Valet Directories and Files
You may find the following directory and file information helpful while
troubleshooting issues with your Valet environment:
#### `~/.config/valet`
Contains all of Valet's configuration. You may wish to maintain a backup of
this directory.
#### `~/.config/valet/dnsmasq.d/`
This directory contains DNSMasq's configuration.
#### `~/.config/valet/Drivers/`
This directory contains Valet's drivers. Drivers determine how a particular
framework / CMS is served.
#### `~/.config/valet/Nginx/`
This directory contains all of Valet's Nginx site configurations. These files
are rebuilt when running the `install` and `secure` commands.
#### `~/.config/valet/Sites/`
This directory contains all of the symbolic links for your linked projects.
#### `~/.config/valet/config.json`
This file is Valet's master configuration file.
#### `~/.config/valet/valet.sock`
This file is the PHP-FPM socket used by Valet's Nginx installation. This will
only exist if PHP is running properly.
#### `~/.config/valet/Log/fpm-php.www.log`
This file is the user log for PHP errors.
#### `~/.config/valet/Log/nginx-error.log`
This file is the user log for Nginx errors.
#### `/usr/local/var/log/php-fpm.log`
This file is the system log for PHP-FPM errors.
#### `/usr/local/var/log/nginx`
This directory contains the Nginx access and error logs.
#### `/usr/local/etc/php/X.X/conf.d`
This directory contains the `*.ini` files for various PHP configuration
settings.
#### `/usr/local/etc/php/X.X/php-fpm.d/valet-fpm.conf`
This file is the PHP-FPM pool configuration file.
#### `~/.composer/vendor/laravel/valet/cli/stubs/secure.valet.conf`
This file is the default Nginx configuration used for building SSL
certificates for your sites.
### Disk Access
Since macOS 10.14, [access to some files and directories is restricted by
default](https://manuals.info.apple.com/MANUALS/1000/MA1902/en_US/apple-
platform-security-guide.pdf). These restrictions include the Desktop,
Documents, and Downloads directories. In addition, network volume and
removable volume access is restricted. Therefore, Valet recommends your site
folders are located outside of these protected locations.
However, if you wish to serve sites from within one of those locations, you
will need to give Nginx "Full Disk Access". Otherwise, you may encounter
server errors or other unpredictable behavior from Nginx, especially when
serving static assets. Typically, macOS will automatically prompt you to grant
Nginx full access to these locations. Or, you may do so manually via `System
Preferences` > `Security & Privacy` > `Privacy` and selecting `Full Disk
Access`. Next, enable any `nginx` entries in the main window pane.