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# Laravel Envoy
* Introduction
* Installation
* Writing Tasks
* Defining Tasks
* Multiple Servers
* Setup
* Variables
* Stories
* Hooks
* Running Tasks
* Confirming Task Execution
* Notifications
* Slack
* Discord
* Telegram
* Microsoft Teams
## Introduction
[Laravel Envoy](https://github.com/laravel/envoy) is a tool for executing
common tasks you run on your remote servers. Using [Blade](/docs/12.x/blade)
style syntax, you can easily setup tasks for deployment, Artisan commands, and
more. Currently, Envoy only supports the Mac and Linux operating systems.
However, Windows support is achievable using
[WSL2](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10).
## Installation
First, install Envoy into your project using the Composer package manager:
1composer require laravel/envoy --dev
composer require laravel/envoy --dev
Once Envoy has been installed, the Envoy binary will be available in your
application's `vendor/bin` directory:
1php vendor/bin/envoy
php vendor/bin/envoy
## Writing Tasks
### Defining Tasks
Tasks are the basic building block of Envoy. Tasks define the shell commands
that should execute on your remote servers when the task is invoked. For
example, you might define a task that executes the `php artisan queue:restart`
command on all of your application's queue worker servers.
All of your Envoy tasks should be defined in an `Envoy.blade.php` file at the
root of your application. Here's an example to get you started:
1@servers(['web' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)'], 'workers' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)']])
2 
3@task('restart-queues', ['on' => 'workers'])
4 cd /home/user/example.com
5 php artisan queue:restart
6@endtask
@servers(['web' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)'], 'workers' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)']])
@task('restart-queues', ['on' => 'workers'])
cd /home/user/example.com
php artisan queue:restart
@endtask
As you can see, an array of `@servers` is defined at the top of the file,
allowing you to reference these servers via the `on` option of your task
declarations. The `@servers` declaration should always be placed on a single
line. Within your `@task` declarations, you should place the shell commands
that should execute on your servers when the task is invoked.
#### Local Tasks
You can force a script to run on your local computer by specifying the
server's IP address as `127.0.0.1`:
1@servers(['localhost' => '127.0.0.1'])
@servers(['localhost' => '127.0.0.1'])
#### Importing Envoy Tasks
Using the `@import` directive, you may import other Envoy files so their
stories and tasks are added to yours. After the files have been imported, you
may execute the tasks they contain as if they were defined in your own Envoy
file:
1@import('vendor/package/Envoy.blade.php')
@import('vendor/package/Envoy.blade.php')
### Multiple Servers
Envoy allows you to easily run a task across multiple servers. First, add
additional servers to your `@servers` declaration. Each server should be
assigned a unique name. Once you have defined your additional servers you may
list each of the servers in the task's `on` array:
1@servers(['web-1' => '192.168.1.1', 'web-2' => '192.168.1.2'])
2 
3@task('deploy', ['on' => ['web-1', 'web-2']])
4 cd /home/user/example.com
5 git pull origin {{ $branch }}
6 php artisan migrate --force
7@endtask
@servers(['web-1' => '192.168.1.1', 'web-2' => '192.168.1.2'])
@task('deploy', ['on' => ['web-1', 'web-2']])
cd /home/user/example.com
git pull origin {{ $branch }}
php artisan migrate --force
@endtask
#### Parallel Execution
By default, tasks will be executed on each server serially. In other words, a
task will finish running on the first server before proceeding to execute on
the second server. If you would like to run a task across multiple servers in
parallel, add the `parallel` option to your task declaration:
1@servers(['web-1' => '192.168.1.1', 'web-2' => '192.168.1.2'])
2 
3@task('deploy', ['on' => ['web-1', 'web-2'], 'parallel' => true])
4 cd /home/user/example.com
5 git pull origin {{ $branch }}
6 php artisan migrate --force
7@endtask
@servers(['web-1' => '192.168.1.1', 'web-2' => '192.168.1.2'])
@task('deploy', ['on' => ['web-1', 'web-2'], 'parallel' => true])
cd /home/user/example.com
git pull origin {{ $branch }}
php artisan migrate --force
@endtask
### Setup
Sometimes, you may need to execute arbitrary PHP code before running your
Envoy tasks. You may use the `@setup` directive to define a block of PHP code
that should execute before your tasks:
1@setup
2 $now = new DateTime;
3@endsetup
@setup
$now = new DateTime;
@endsetup
If you need to require other PHP files before your task is executed, you may
use the `@include` directive at the top of your `Envoy.blade.php` file:
1@include('vendor/autoload.php')
2 
3@task('restart-queues')
4 # ...
5@endtask
@include('vendor/autoload.php')
@task('restart-queues')
# ...
@endtask
### Variables
If needed, you may pass arguments to Envoy tasks by specifying them on the
command line when invoking Envoy:
1php vendor/bin/envoy run deploy --branch=master
php vendor/bin/envoy run deploy --branch=master
You may access the options within your tasks using Blade's "echo" syntax. You
may also define Blade `if` statements and loops within your tasks. For
example, let's verify the presence of the `$branch` variable before executing
the `git pull` command:
1@servers(['web' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)']])
2 
3@task('deploy', ['on' => 'web'])
4 cd /home/user/example.com
5 
6 @if ($branch)
7 git pull origin {{ $branch }}
8 @endif
9 
10 php artisan migrate --force
11@endtask
@servers(['web' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)']])
@task('deploy', ['on' => 'web'])
cd /home/user/example.com
@if ($branch)
git pull origin {{ $branch }}
@endif
php artisan migrate --force
@endtask
### Stories
Stories group a set of tasks under a single, convenient name. For instance, a
`deploy` story may run the `update-code` and `install-dependencies` tasks by
listing the task names within its definition:
1@servers(['web' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)']])
2 
3@story('deploy')
4 update-code
5 install-dependencies
6@endstory
7 
8@task('update-code')
9 cd /home/user/example.com
10 git pull origin master
11@endtask
12 
13@task('install-dependencies')
14 cd /home/user/example.com
15 composer install
16@endtask
@servers(['web' => ['[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)']])
@story('deploy')
update-code
install-dependencies
@endstory
@task('update-code')
cd /home/user/example.com
git pull origin master
@endtask
@task('install-dependencies')
cd /home/user/example.com
composer install
@endtask
Once the story has been written, you may invoke it in the same way you would
invoke a task:
1php vendor/bin/envoy run deploy
php vendor/bin/envoy run deploy
### Hooks
When tasks and stories run, a number of hooks are executed. The hook types
supported by Envoy are `@before`, `@after`, `@error`, `@success`, and
`@finished`. All of the code in these hooks is interpreted as PHP and executed
locally, not on the remote servers that your tasks interact with.
You may define as many of each of these hooks as you like. They will be
executed in the order that they appear in your Envoy script.
#### `@before`
Before each task execution, all of the `@before` hooks registered in your
Envoy script will execute. The `@before` hooks receive the name of the task
that will be executed:
1@before
2 if ($task === 'deploy') {
3 // ...
4 }
5@endbefore
@before
if ($task === 'deploy') {
// ...
}
@endbefore
#### `@after`
After each task execution, all of the `@after` hooks registered in your Envoy
script will execute. The `@after` hooks receive the name of the task that was
executed:
1@after
2 if ($task === 'deploy') {
3 // ...
4 }
5@endafter
@after
if ($task === 'deploy') {
// ...
}
@endafter
#### `@error`
After every task failure (exits with a status code greater than `0`), all of
the `@error` hooks registered in your Envoy script will execute. The `@error`
hooks receive the name of the task that was executed:
1@error
2 if ($task === 'deploy') {
3 // ...
4 }
5@enderror
@error
if ($task === 'deploy') {
// ...
}
@enderror
#### `@success`
If all tasks have executed without errors, all of the `@success` hooks
registered in your Envoy script will execute:
1@success
2 // ...
3@endsuccess
@success
// ...
@endsuccess
#### `@finished`
After all tasks have been executed (regardless of exit status), all of the
`@finished` hooks will be executed. The `@finished` hooks receive the status
code of the completed task, which may be `null` or an `integer` greater than
or equal to `0`:
1@finished
2 if ($exitCode > 0) {
3 // There were errors in one of the tasks...
4 }
5@endfinished
@finished
if ($exitCode > 0) {
// There were errors in one of the tasks...
}
@endfinished
## Running Tasks
To run a task or story that is defined in your application's `Envoy.blade.php`
file, execute Envoy's `run` command, passing the name of the task or story you
would like to execute. Envoy will execute the task and display the output from
your remote servers as the task is running:
1php vendor/bin/envoy run deploy
php vendor/bin/envoy run deploy
### Confirming Task Execution
If you would like to be prompted for confirmation before running a given task
on your servers, you should add the `confirm` directive to your task
declaration. This option is particularly useful for destructive operations:
1@task('deploy', ['on' => 'web', 'confirm' => true])
2 cd /home/user/example.com
3 git pull origin {{ $branch }}
4 php artisan migrate
5@endtask
@task('deploy', ['on' => 'web', 'confirm' => true])
cd /home/user/example.com
git pull origin {{ $branch }}
php artisan migrate
@endtask
## Notifications
### Slack
Envoy supports sending notifications to [Slack](https://slack.com) after each
task is executed. The `@slack` directive accepts a Slack hook URL and a
channel / user name. You may retrieve your webhook URL by creating an
"Incoming WebHooks" integration in your Slack control panel.
You should pass the entire webhook URL as the first argument given to the
`@slack` directive. The second argument given to the `@slack` directive should
be a channel name (`#channel`) or a user name (`@user`):
1@finished
2 @slack('webhook-url', '#bots')
3@endfinished
@finished
@slack('webhook-url', '#bots')
@endfinished
By default, Envoy notifications will send a message to the notification
channel describing the task that was executed. However, you may overwrite this
message with your own custom message by passing a third argument to the
`@slack` directive:
1@finished
2 @slack('webhook-url', '#bots', 'Hello, Slack.')
3@endfinished
@finished
@slack('webhook-url', '#bots', 'Hello, Slack.')
@endfinished
### Discord
Envoy also supports sending notifications to [Discord](https://discord.com)
after each task is executed. The `@discord` directive accepts a Discord hook
URL and a message. You may retrieve your webhook URL by creating a "Webhook"
in your Server Settings and choosing which channel the webhook should post to.
You should pass the entire Webhook URL into the `@discord` directive:
1@finished
2 @discord('discord-webhook-url')
3@endfinished
@finished
@discord('discord-webhook-url')
@endfinished
### Telegram
Envoy also supports sending notifications to [Telegram](https://telegram.org)
after each task is executed. The `@telegram` directive accepts a Telegram Bot
ID and a Chat ID. You may retrieve your Bot ID by creating a new bot using
[BotFather](https://t.me/botfather). You can retrieve a valid Chat ID using
[@username_to_id_bot](https://t.me/username_to_id_bot). You should pass the
entire Bot ID and Chat ID into the `@telegram` directive:
1@finished
2 @telegram('bot-id','chat-id')
3@endfinished
@finished
@telegram('bot-id','chat-id')
@endfinished
### Microsoft Teams
Envoy also supports sending notifications to [Microsoft
Teams](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-teams) after each task is
executed. The `@microsoftTeams` directive accepts a Teams Webhook (required),
a message, theme color (success, info, warning, error), and an array of
options. You may retrieve your Teams Webhook by creating a new [incoming
webhook](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/platform/webhooks-
and-connectors/how-to/add-incoming-webhook). The Teams API has many other
attributes to customize your message box like title, summary, and sections.
You can find more information on the [Microsoft Teams
documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/microsoftteams/platform/webhooks-and-connectors/how-to/connectors-
using?tabs=cURL#example-of-connector-message). You should pass the entire
Webhook URL into the `@microsoftTeams` directive:
1@finished
2 @microsoftTeams('webhook-url')
3@endfinished
@finished
@microsoftTeams('webhook-url')
@endfinished