def parse_odata_query(request_args):
    """
    Translates standard OData query parameters ($top, $skip, $orderby, $filter)
    into MongoDB query parameters.
    """
    limit = int(request_args.get('$top', 50))
    skip = int(request_args.get('$skip', 0))
    
    # Parse $orderby (e.g., $orderby=received_at desc)
    sort = []
    orderby_str = request_args.get('$orderby')
    if orderby_str:
        parts = orderby_str.split()
        field = parts[0]
        direction = -1 if len(parts) > 1 and parts[1].lower() == 'desc' else 1
        sort.append((field, direction))

    # Parse basic $filter (e.g., $filter=device_id eq '1')
    mongo_filter = {}
    filter_str = request_args.get('$filter')
    if filter_str and ' eq ' in filter_str:
        field, val = filter_str.split(' eq ')
        field = field.strip()
        val = val.strip().strip("'").strip('"')
        
        # Cast data types
        if val.isdigit():
            val = int(val)
        elif val.lower() == 'true':
            val = True
        elif val.lower() == 'false':
            val = False

        mongo_filter[field] = val

    return {
        "filter": mongo_filter,
        "limit": limit,
        "skip": skip,
        "sort": sort or [("_id", -1)]
    }